158
Views
102
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Article

The Differences between Male and Female Drug Users: Community Samples of Heroin and Cocaine Users Compared

, , &
Pages 529-543 | Published online: 03 Jul 2009

Keep up to date with the latest research on this topic with citation updates for this article.

Read on this site (27)

Janna Ataiants, Silvana Mazzella, Alexis M. Roth, Randall L. Sell, Lucy F. Robinson & Stephen E. Lankenau. (2021) Overdose response among trained and untrained women with a history of illicit drug use: a mixed-methods examination. Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy 28:4, pages 328-339.
Read now
Elad Malik, Lihi Rozner, Miriam Adelson, Shaul Schreiber & Einat Peles. (2021) The Relation between Changes in Vitamin D and Vitamin B12 Levels, Body Mass Index and Outcome in Methadone Maintenance Treatment Patients. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs 53:1, pages 55-64.
Read now
Maria L. Mittal, Andrew Guise, Claudia Rafful, Patricia Gonzalez-Zuñiga, Peter Davidson, Devesh Vashishtha, Steffanie A. Strathdee & Dan Werb. (2019) “Another Person Was Going to Do It”: The Provision of Injection Drug Use Initiation Assistance in a High-Risk U.S.–Mexico Border Region. Substance Use & Misuse 54:14, pages 2338-2350.
Read now
Landhing M. Moran, William J. Kowalczyk, Karran A. Phillips, Massoud Vahabzadeh, Jia-Ling Lin, Mustapha Mezghanni, David H. Epstein & Kenzie L. Preston. (2018) Sex differences in daily life stress and craving in opioid-dependent patients. The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse 44:5, pages 512-523.
Read now
Paula Mayock, Jennifer Cronly & Michael C. Clatts. (2015) The Risk Environment of Heroin Use Initiation: Young Women, Intimate Partners, and “Drug Relationships”. Substance Use & Misuse 50:6, pages 771-782.
Read now
Kate Dolan, Shabnam Salimi, Bijan Nassirimanesh, Setareh Mohsenifar, David Allsop & Azarakhsh Mokri. (2012) Six-month follow-up of Iranian women in methadone treatment: drug use, social functioning, crime, and HIV and HCV seroincidence. Substance Abuse and Rehabilitation 3:sup1, pages 37-43.
Read now
Ingunn Olea Lund, Svetlana Skurtveit, Monica Sarfi, Brittelise Bakstad, Gabrielle Welle-Strand & Edle Ravndal. (2012) Substance use during and after pregnancy among a national cohort of pregnant women in opioid maintenance treatment and their partners. Journal of Substance Use 17:3, pages 277-286.
Read now
Fiona Susan Martin. (2010) Becoming vulnerable: Young women's accounts of initiation to injecting drug use. Addiction Research & Theory 18:5, pages 511-527.
Read now
Dita Broz & Lawrence J. Ouellet. (2010) Prevalence and Correlates of Former Injection Drug Use Among Young Noninjecting Heroin Users in Chicago. Substance Use & Misuse 45:12, pages 2000-2025.
Read now
Kiki Venios & John F. Kelly. (2010) The Rise, Risks, and Realities of Methamphetamine use among Women: Implications for Research, Prevention and Treatment. Journal of Addictions Nursing 21:1, pages 14-21.
Read now
Nelson Jose Tiburcio. (2008) Long-Term Recovery from Heroin Use Among Female Ex-Offenders: Marisol's Story. Substance Use & Misuse 43:12-13, pages 1950-1970.
Read now
Katy Holloway & Trevor Bennett. (2007) Gender Differences in Drug Misuse and Related Problem Behaviors among Arrestees in the UK. Substance Use & Misuse 42:6, pages 899-921.
Read now
S. Giacomuzzi, G. Kemmler, M. Ertl & Y. Riemer. (2006) Opioid Addicts at Admission vs. Slow-Release Oral Morphine, Methadone, and Sublingual Buprenorphine Maintenance Treatment Participants. Substance Use & Misuse 41:2, pages 223-244.
Read now
Joan Carles March, Eugenia Oviedo-Joekes & Manuel Romero. (2005) Injection and non-injection drug use related to social exclusion indicators in two Andalusian cities. Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy 12:6, pages 437-447.
Read now
Courtney Breen, Courtney Breen, Amanda Roxburgh & Louisa Degenhardt. (2005) Gender differences among regular injecting drug users in Sydney, Australia, 1996 – 2003. Drug and Alcohol Review 24:4, pages 353-358.
Read now
Jane Carlisle Maxwell, Thomas M. Bohman & Richard T. Spence. (2004) Differences in Characteristics of Heroin Inhalers and Heroin Injectors at Admission to Treatment: A Preliminary Study Using a Large Database of Client Records. Substance Use & Misuse 39:6, pages 993-1012.
Read now
Susan J. Boyd$suffix/text()$suffix/text(), Neena F. Thomas-Gosain$suffix/text()$suffix/text(), Annie Umbricht$suffix/text()$suffix/text(), Marvin J. Tucker$suffix/text()$suffix/text(), Jo M. Leslie$suffix/text()$suffix/text(), Richard E. Chaisson$suffix/text()$suffix/text() & Kenzie L. Preston$suffix/text()$suffix/text(). (2004) Gender Differences in Indices of Opioid Dependency and Medical Comorbidity in a Population of Hospitalized HIV-Infected African-Americans. American Journal on Addictions 13:3, pages 281-291.
Read now
PETER W VIK & THERESA ROSS. (2003) Methamphetamine use among incarcerated women. Journal of Substance Use 8:2, pages 69-77.
Read now
Donna L. Sheedy, Therese M. Garrick, Andrew H. Fortis & Clive G. Harper. (2003) Changing Trends in Heroin-Related Deaths in Sydney, Australia-1995 to 1999. American Journal on Addictions 12:1, pages 52-59.
Read now
DUNCAN STEWART, MICHAEL GOSSOP, JOHN MARSDEN, TARA KIDD & SAMANTHA TREACY. (2003) Similarities in outcomes for men and women after drug misuse treatment: results from the National Treatment Outcome Research Study (NTORS). Drug and Alcohol Review 22:1, pages 35-41.
Read now
AnneE. Pottieger & PatriciaA. Tressell. (2000) Social Relationships of Crime-Involved Women Cocaine Users. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs 32:4, pages 445-460.
Read now
S. Wright & H. Klee. (2000) Developing drug services for amphetamine users: taking account of gender-specific factors. Journal of Substance Use 5:2, pages 122-130.
Read now
M. Teichman & T. Keidar. (2000) The need for interpersonal resources among alcohol abusers: a gender perspective. Journal of Substance Use 4:4, pages 142-146.
Read now
Wayne K. Augé & Suzanne M. Augé. (1999) Naturalistic Observation of Athletic Drug-Use Patterns and Behavior in Professional-Caliber Bodybuilders. Substance Use & Misuse 34:2, pages 217-249.
Read now
Gillian M. Hunter & Ali Judd. (1998) Women injecting drug users in London: The extent and nature of their contact with drug and health services. Drug and Alcohol Review 17:3, pages 267-276.
Read now

Articles from other publishers (75)

Kate Krueger, Felipe Lamenza, Howard Gu, Heithem El-Hodiri, Jason Wester, John Oberdick, Andy J. Fischer & Steve Oghumu. (2023) Sex differences in susceptibility to substance use disorder: Role for X chromosome inactivation and escape?. Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience 125, pages 103859.
Crossref
K. Boksán, M. Weiss, K. Geißelsöder, M. Dechant, J. Endres, M. Breuer, M. Stemmler & N. Wodarz. (2023) Kaum Geschlechtsunterschiede bei Opioidkonsumierenden in HaftHardly any gender differences among opioid users in prison. Forensische Psychiatrie, Psychologie, Kriminologie 17:1, pages 43-51.
Crossref
Thomas Thurnell-Read & Mark MonaghanThomas Thurnell-Read & Mark Monaghan. 2023. Intoxication. Intoxication 197 219 .
Amany Haroun El Rasheed, Doha Moustafa Elserafy, Mennatullah Ali Marey & Reem El Sayed Hashem. (2022) Mood regulation, alexithymia, and personality disorders in female patients with opioid use disorders. Middle East Current Psychiatry 29:1.
Crossref
Mengyao Lu, Chenxin Lian & Xiaoqing Zeng. (2022) An Attentional Blink Research on Different Types of Words in Male with Substance Use Disorder. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction.
Crossref
Alexander Testa, Chantal Fahmy & Dylan B. Jackson. (2022) Incarceration exposure and prescription opioid use during pregnancy. Drug and Alcohol Dependence 235, pages 109434.
Crossref
Emily E. Hartwell, Alison K. Merikangas, Shefali S. Verma, Marylyn D. Ritchie, Henry R. Kranzler & Rachel L. Kember. (2021) Genetic liability for substance use associated with medical comorbidities in electronic health records of African‐ and European‐ancestry individuals. Addiction Biology 27:1.
Crossref
Elizabeth Monk-Turner, Hongyun Fu & Xiushi Yang. 2022. Handbook of Substance Misuse and Addictions. Handbook of Substance Misuse and Addictions 1805 1829 .
Elizabeth Monk-Turner, Hongyun Fu & Xiushi Yang. 2021. Handbook of Substance Misuse and Addictions. Handbook of Substance Misuse and Addictions 1 26 .
Brianna E. George, Samuel H. Barth, Lindsey B. Kuiper, Katherine M. Holleran, Ryan T. Lacy, Kimberly F. Raab-Graham & Sara R. Jones. (2021) Enhanced heroin self-administration and distinct dopamine adaptations in female rats. Neuropsychopharmacology 46:10, pages 1724-1733.
Crossref
Sabriya L. Linton, Don C. Des Jarlais, Joseph T. Ornstein, Matt Kasman, Ross Hammond, Behzad Kianian, Justin C. Smith, Mary E Wolfe, Zev Ross, Danielle German, Colin Flynn, Henry F. Raymond, R. Monina Klevens, Emma Spencer, John-Mark Schacht, Teresa Finlayson, Gabriela Paz-Bailey, Cyprian Wejnert & Hannah L.F. Cooper. (2021) An application of agent-based modeling to explore the impact of decreasing incarceration rates and increasing drug treatment access on sero-discordant partnerships among people who inject drugs. International Journal of Drug Policy 94, pages 103194.
Crossref
Aditya Uppuluri, Marco A. Zarbin & Neelakshi Bhagat. (2021) Endogenous endophthalmitis in patients with intravenous opioid use: demographics and associated comorbidities. International Ophthalmology 41:4, pages 1513-1520.
Crossref
Mohammad S. Jalali, Michael Botticelli, Rachael C. Hwang, Howard K. Koh & R. Kathryn McHugh. (2020) The opioid crisis: a contextual, social-ecological framework. Health Research Policy and Systems 18:1.
Crossref
Oluwaseun Falade-Nwulia, Jada Hackman, Shruti H. Mehta, Sean D. McCormick, Gregory D. Kirk, Mark Sulkowski, David Thomas, Carl Latkin, Oliver Laeyendecker & Stuart C. Ray. (2020) Factors associated with phylogenetic clustering of hepatitis C among people who inject drugs in Baltimore. BMC Infectious Diseases 20:1.
Crossref
Silvana Agterberg, Nicholas Schubert, Louise Overington & Kimberly Corace. (2020) Treatment barriers among individuals with co-occurring substance use and mental health problems: Examining gender differences. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment 112, pages 29-35.
Crossref
Rachel E Gicquelais, Dan Werb, Charles Marks, Carolyn Ziegler, Shruti H Mehta, Becky L Genberg & Ayden I Scheim. (2020) Prevalence and Correlates of Providing and Receiving Assistance With the Transition to Injection Drug Use. Epidemiologic Reviews 42:1, pages 4-18.
Crossref
Amanda E. Sedgewick, Hilary S. Connery & Shelly F. Greenfield. 2020. Burnout in Women Physicians. Burnout in Women Physicians 403 449 .
Maryam Khazaee-Pool, Tahereh Pashaei, Roghayeh Nouri, Parvaneh Taymoori & Koen Ponnet. (2019) Understanding the relapse process: exploring Iranian women’s substance use experiences. Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy 14:1.
Crossref
Janni Leung, Amy Peacock, Samantha Colledge, Jason Grebely, Evan B Cunningham, Matthew Hickman, Peter Vickerman, Jack Stone, Adam Trickey, Kostyantyn Dumchev, Michael Lynskey, Lindsey Hines, Paul Griffiths, Richard P Mattick, Louisa Degenhardt & Sarah Larney. (2019) A Global Meta-analysis of the Prevalence of HIV, Hepatitis C Virus, and Hepatitis B Virus Among People Who Inject Drugs—Do Gender-Based Differences Vary by Country-Level Indicators?. The Journal of Infectious Diseases 220:1, pages 78-90.
Crossref
Hendrée E. Jones & Walter K. Kraft. (2019) Analgesia, Opioids, and Other Drug Use During Pregnancy and Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome. Clinics in Perinatology 46:2, pages 349-366.
Crossref
Whitney Peters, Connie Guille & Leena Mittal. 2019. Neurology and Psychiatry of Women. Neurology and Psychiatry of Women 103 113 .
Shaylih Muehlmann. (2018) The Gender of the War on Drugs. Annual Review of Anthropology 47:1, pages 315-330.
Crossref
Joanne Neale, Charlotte N. E. Tompkins, Alison D. Marshall, Carla Treloar & John Strang. (2018) Do women with complex alcohol and other drug use histories want women-only residential treatment?. Addiction 113:6, pages 989-997.
Crossref
Anthony L. Riley, Briana J. Hempel & Matthew M. Clasen. (2018) Sex as a biological variable: Drug use and abuse. Physiology & Behavior 187, pages 79-96.
Crossref
Alysse G. Wurcel, Deirdre Burke, Margie Skeer, David Landy, Robert Heimer, John B. Wong, Kenneth K.H. Chui & Thomas J. Stopka. (2018) Sex work, injection drug use, and abscesses: Associations in women, but not men. Drug and Alcohol Dependence 185, pages 293-297.
Crossref
Rakesh Lal, KoushikSinha Deb & Swati Kedia. (2015) Substance use in women: Current status and future directions. Indian Journal of Psychiatry 57:6, pages 275.
Crossref
Marcus Blom Nilsson, Lena M. Lundgren & Deborah Chassler. (2017) Predisposing, enabling and need factors of heroin addicts' using prescribed methadone or buprenorphine for a year or longer: An exploratory study of drug treatment for heroin addicts in the Swedish welfare system. Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs 31:2, pages 175-188.
Crossref
Shan Qiao, Xiaoming Li & Bonita Stanton. (2013) Social Support and HIV-related Risk Behaviors: A Systematic Review of the Global Literature. AIDS and Behavior 18:2, pages 419-441.
Crossref
Adrianna MendrekPh. D.Ph. D.. (2014) Existe-t-il des différences entre les hommes et les femmes en ce qui concerne les problèmes de toxicomanie ?. Santé mentale au Québec 39:2, pages 57-74.
Crossref
Jill FikowskiKirsten MarchandHeather PalisEugenia Oviedo-Joekes. (2014) Feasibility of Applying the Life History Calendar in a Population of Chronic Opioid Users to Identify Patterns of Drug Use and Addiction Treatment. Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment 8, pages SART.S19419.
Crossref
Joanne Neale, Sarah Nettleton & Lucy Pickering. (2014) Gender sameness and difference in recovery from heroin dependence: A qualitative exploration. International Journal of Drug Policy 25:1, pages 3-12.
Crossref
Lei Zhang, Di Zhang, Wen Chen, Xia Zou & Li Ling. (2013) High Prevalence of HIV, HCV and Tuberculosis and Associated Risk Behaviours among New Entrants of Methadone Maintenance Treatment Clinics in Guangdong Province, China. PLoS ONE 8:10, pages e76931.
Crossref
Emma L. Murphy & Catherine M. Comiskey. (2013) Using chi-Squared Automatic Interaction Detection (CHAID) modelling to identify groups of methadone treatment clients experiencing significantly poorer treatment outcomes. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment 45:4, pages 343-349.
Crossref
Shirley J. Semple, Steffanie A. Strathdee, Jim Zians & Thomas L. Patterson. (2012) Correlates of Drug Dealing in Female Methamphetamine Users. Journal of Urban Health 90:3, pages 529-541.
Crossref
Ivana Obradovic & François Beck. (2013) Jeunes femmes sous influence. Travail, genre et sociétés n° 29:1, pages 105.
Crossref
Janie Simmons, Sonali Rajan & James M. McMahon. (2012) Retrospective accounts of injection initiation in intimate partnerships. International Journal of Drug Policy 23:4, pages 303-311.
Crossref
Kirsten Bell & Amy Salmon. (2011) What Women Who Use Drugs Have to Say about Ethical Research: Findings of an Exploratory Qualitative Study. Journal of Empirical Research on Human Research Ethics 6:4, pages 84-98.
Crossref
Fiona Measham, Lisa Williams & Judith Aldridge. (2011) Marriage, mortgage, motherhood: What longitudinal studies can tell us about gender, drug ‘careers’ and the normalisation of adult ‘recreational’ drug use. International Journal of Drug Policy 22:6, pages 420-427.
Crossref
Élise Roy, Jean-François Boivin & Pascale Leclerc. (2011) Initiation to drug injection among street youth: A gender-based analysis. Drug and Alcohol Dependence 114:1, pages 49-54.
Crossref
Shelly F. Greenfield, Sudie E. Back, Katie Lawson & Kathleen T. Brady. (2010) Substance Abuse in Women. Psychiatric Clinics of North America 33:2, pages 339-355.
Crossref
ANGELA J. DEAN, MICHELLE MCBRIDE, ELSPETH M. MACDONALD, YVONNE CONNOLLY & BRETT M. McDERMOTT. (2010) Gender differences in adolescents attending a drug and alcohol withdrawal service. Drug and Alcohol Review 29:3, pages 278-285.
Crossref
John Strang, Michael Gossop & John Witton. 2010. Principles of Social Psychiatry. Principles of Social Psychiatry 259 276 .
Rosalyn Negrón Goldbarg & Emma J. Brown. (2010) Gender, Personal Networks, and Drug Use among Rural African Americans. International Quarterly of Community Health Education 30:1, pages 41-54.
Crossref
Sabrina S. Plitt, Jennifer Gratrix, Sharyn Hewitt, Patsy Conroy, Tracy Parnell, Beverly Lucki, Vicki Pilling, Barbara Anderson, Yogesh Choudri, Chris P. Archibald & Ameeta E. Singh. (2010) Seroprevalence and Correlates of HIV and HCV among Injecting Drug Users in Edmonton, Alberta. Canadian Journal of Public Health 101:1, pages 50-55.
Crossref
Gabriella Rothman, Bradley J. Anderson & Michael D. Stein. (2007) Gender, Drug Use, and Perceived Social Support Among HIV Positive Patients. AIDS and Behavior 12:5, pages 695-704.
Crossref
Susan L. Bailey, Lawrence J. Ouellet, Mary Ellen Mackesy-Amiti, Elizabeth T. Golub, Holly Hagan, Sharon M. Hudson, Mary H. Latka, Weihua Gao & Richard S. Garfein. (2007) Perceived risk, peer influences, and injection partner type predict receptive syringe sharing among young adult injection drug users in five U.S. cities. Drug and Alcohol Dependence 91, pages S18-S29.
Crossref
Constanza Daigre, Josefina Caminal & Teresa Gutiérrez. (2007) Comorbilidades de los trastornos relacionados con sustancias y los trastornos mentales en mujeres hospitalizadas. Psiquiatría Biológica 14:4, pages 129-135.
Crossref
Jennifer Payne. (2007) Women drug users in North Cumbria: what influences initiation into heroin in this non-urban setting?. Sociology of Health & Illness 29:5, pages 633-655.
Crossref
Peter W. Vik. (2007) Methamphetamine Use by Incarcerated Women: Comorbid Mood and Anxiety Problems. Women's Health Issues 17:4, pages 256-263.
Crossref
SHU-CHUAN CHIANG, HUNG-YU CHAN, YUAN-YING CHANG, HSIAO-JU SUN, WEI J. CHEN & CHIH-KEN CHEN. (2007) Psychiatric comorbidity and gender difference among treatment-seeking heroin abusers in Taiwan. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences 61:1, pages 105-111.
Crossref
Neil McKeganey, Joanne Neale, Charlie Lloyd & Gordon Hay. 2007. Drugs and the Future. Drugs and the Future 359 387 .
Janie Simmons. (2006) The interplay between interpersonal dynamics, treatment barriers, and larger social forces: an exploratory study of drug-using couples in Hartford, CT. Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy 1:1.
Crossref
Maria de Lourdes Aguiar Oliveira, Mariana A. Hacker, Sabrina Alberti Nóbrega de Oliveira, Paulo Roberto Telles, Kycia Maria Rodrigues do Ó, Clara Fumiko Tachibana Yoshida & Francisco I. Bastos. (2006) "The first shot": the context of first injection of illicit drugs, ongoing injecting practices, and hepatitis C infection in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Cadernos de Saúde Pública 22:4, pages 861-870.
Crossref
Kathryn Higgins & Rosemary Kilpatrick. (2005) The impact of paramilitary violence against a heroin-user community in Northern Ireland: A qualitative analysis. International Journal of Drug Policy 16:5, pages 334-342.
Crossref
Carla Treloar & Jeanne Abelson. (2005) Information exchange among injecting drug users: a role for an expanded peer education workforce. International Journal of Drug Policy 16:1, pages 46-53.
Crossref
Danielle Ompad & Crystal Fuller. 2005. Handbook of Urban Health. Handbook of Urban Health 127 154 .
Debasish Basu, Samuel A Ball, Richard Feinn, Joel Gelernter & Henry R Kranzler. (2004) Typologies of drug dependence: comparative validity of a multivariate and four univariate models. Drug and Alcohol Dependence 73:3, pages 289-300.
Crossref
Shelly F Greenfield, Sumita G Manwani & Jessica E Nargiso. (2003) Epidemiology of substance use disorders in women. Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of North America 30:3, pages 413-446.
Crossref
Donna L. Sheedy, Therese M. Garrick, Andrew H. Fortis & Clive G. Harper. (2010) Changing Trends in Heroin‐Related Deaths in Sydney, Australia‐1995 to 1999. The American Journal on Addictions 12:1, pages 52-59.
Crossref
Laura C. Holdcraft & Katherine Anne Comtois. (2002) Description of and Preliminary Data from a Women's Dual Diagnosis Community Mental Health Program. Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health 21:2, pages 91-109.
Crossref
C Meadway, S George & R Braithwaite. (2002) A rapid GC–MS method for the determination of dihydrocodeine, codeine, norcodeine, morphine, normorphine and 6-MAM in urine. Forensic Science International 127:1-2, pages 136-141.
Crossref
Deborah N. D'Souza, Richard E. Harlan & Meredith M. Garcia. (2002) Sexually dimorphic effects of morphine and MK-801: sex steroid-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Journal of Applied Physiology 92:2, pages 493-503.
Crossref
Michelle L. Van Etten & James C. Anthony. (2001) Male-Female Differences in Transitions from First Drug Opportunity to First Use: Searching for Subgroup Variation by Age, Race, Region, and Urban Status. Journal of Women's Health & Gender-Based Medicine 10:8, pages 797-804.
Crossref
Maureen Miller & Alan Neaigus. (2001) Networks, resources and risk among women who use drugs. Social Science & Medicine 52:6, pages 967-978.
Crossref
Gail Shor-Posner, Robert Lecusay, Maria Jose Miguez-Burbano, Jose Quesada, Alan Rodriguez, Phillip Ruiz, Sandra O'Mellan, Adriana Campa, Hernan Rincon, Fran Wilkie, J.B Page & Marianna K Baum. (2000) Quality of Life Measures in the Miami HIV-1 Infected Drug Abusers Cohort: Relationship to Gender and Disease Status. Journal of Substance Abuse 11:4, pages 395-404.
Crossref
Meg C. Doherty, Richard S. Garfein, Edgar Monterroso, Carl Latkin & David Vlahov. (2000) Gender differences in the initiation of injection drug use among young adults. Journal of Urban Health 77:3, pages 396-414.
Crossref
BEVERLY POWIS, MICHAEL GOSSOP, CATHERINE BURY, KATHERINE PAYNE & PAUL GRIFFITHS. (2009) Drug‐using mothers: social, psychological and substance use problems of women opiate users with children. Drug and Alcohol Review 19:2, pages 171-180.
Crossref
Dominique Hausser, Daniel K�bler & Fran�oise Dubois-Arber. (1999) Characteristics of heroin and cocaine users unknown to treatment agencies. Results from the Swiss Hidden population studyDas Profil von Heroin- und Kokainkonsumentinnen ohne Kontakt mit BehandlungsstrukturenCaract�ristiques des consommateurs d'h�ro�ne et/ou de coca�ne inconnus des structures de traitement. Sozial- und Pr�ventivmedizin SPM 44:5, pages 222-232.
Crossref
Anne Line Bretteville-Jensen. (1999) Gender, heroin consumption and economic behaviour. Health Economics 8:5, pages 379-389.
Crossref
Karen Kopera-Frye & Robert Arendt. 1999. Handbook of Psychosocial Characteristics of Exceptional Children. Handbook of Psychosocial Characteristics of Exceptional Children 347 376 .
Marianne B.M van den Bree, Eric O Johnson, Michael C Neale & Roy W Pickens. (1998) Genetic and environmental influences on drug use and abuse/dependence in male and female twins. Drug and Alcohol Dependence 52:3, pages 231-241.
Crossref
ERICA L. GOLLUB, DOMINIQUE REY, YOLANDE OBADIA & JEAN-PAUL MOATTI. (1998) Gender Differences in Risk Behaviors Among HIV+ Persons With an IDU History. Sexually Transmitted Diseases 25:9, pages 483-488.
Crossref
Tim Rhodes & Alan Quirk. (1998) Drug users' sexual relationships and the social organisation of risk: The sexual relationship as a site of risk management. Social Science & Medicine 46:2, pages 157-169.
Crossref
PHILIP ROBSON & MALCOLM BRUCE. (2006) A comparison of ‘visible’ and ‘invisible’ users of amphetamine, cocaine and heroin: two distinct populations?. Addiction 92:12, pages 1729-1736.
Crossref
S. Darke & J. Ross. (1997) Polydrug dependence and psychiatric comorbidity among heroin injectors. Drug and Alcohol Dependence 48:2, pages 135-141.
Crossref

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.