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Prehospital Emergency Care Volume 16, 2012 - Issue 4
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Research Article

Barriers to and Enablers for Prehospital Analgesia for Pediatric Patients

David M. WilliamsFrom the School of Medicine, West Virginia University (DW), Morgantown, West Virginia; and the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Rochester (KER, JTC, MNS), Rochester, New York.
, BS,
Kirsten E. RindalFrom the School of Medicine, West Virginia University (DW), Morgantown, West Virginia; and the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Rochester (KER, JTC, MNS), Rochester, New York.
, MD, MS,
Jeremy T. CushmanFrom the School of Medicine, West Virginia University (DW), Morgantown, West Virginia; and the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Rochester (KER, JTC, MNS), Rochester, New York.Correspondence[email protected]
, MD, MS, EMT-P &
Manish N. ShahFrom the School of Medicine, West Virginia University (DW), Morgantown, West Virginia; and the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Rochester (KER, JTC, MNS), Rochester, New York.
, MD, MPH
Pages 519-526 | Received 05 Apr 2012, Accepted 09 Apr 2012, Published online: 23 Jul 2012

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M. I. Harris, K. M. Adelgais, S. W. Linakis, C. F. Magill, R. Brazauskas, M. I. Shah, D. K. Nishijima, G. S. Lowe, K. Chadha, T. P. Chang, E. B. Lerner, J. C. Leonard, H. P. Schwartz, J. B. Gaither, J. R. Studnek & L. R. Browne. (2023) Impact of Prehospital Pain Management on Emergency Department Management of Injured Children . Prehospital Emergency Care 27:1, pages 1-9.
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Jordi Miró, Juan Antonio Micó & Francisco Reinoso-Barbero. (2021) The management of pediatric chronic pain in Spain: a web-based survey study. Current Medical Research and Opinion 37:2, pages 303-310.
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John M. Carey, Jonathan R. Studnek, Lorin R. Browne, Daniel G. Ostermayer, Thomas Grawey, Stephanie Schroter, E. Brooke Lerner & Manish I. Shah. (2019) Paramedic-Identified Enablers of and Barriers to Pediatric Seizure Management: A Multicenter, Qualitative Study. Prehospital Emergency Care 23:6, pages 870-881.
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Hilary A. Hewes, Michael Ely, Rachel Richards, Manish I. Shah, Stephanie Busch, Diane Pilkey, Katherine Dixon Hert & Lenora M. Olson. (2019) Ready for Children: Assessing Pediatric Care Coordination and Psychomotor Skills Evaluation in the Prehospital Setting. Prehospital Emergency Care 23:4, pages 510-518.
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Hilary A. Hewes, Mengtao Dai, N. Clay Mann, Tanya Baca & Peter Taillac. (2018) Prehospital Pain Management: Disparity By Age and Race. Prehospital Emergency Care 22:2, pages 189-197.
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Amanda Calhoun, Martin Keller, Junxin Shi, Celeste Brancato, Kathy Donovan, Diana Kraus & Julie C. Leonard. (2017) Do Pediatric Teams Affect Outcomes of Injured Children Requiring Inter-hospital Transport?. Prehospital Emergency Care 21:2, pages 192-200.
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Lorin R. Browne, Manish I. Shah, Jonathan R. Studnek, Daniel G. Ostermayer, Stacy Reynolds, Clare E. Guse, David C. Brousseau & E. Brooke Lerner. (2016) Multicenter Evaluation of Prehospital Opioid Pain Management in Injured Children. Prehospital Emergency Care 20:6, pages 759-767.
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Lorin R. Browne, Jonathan R. Studnek, Manish I. Shah, David C. Brousseau, Clare E. Guse & E. Brooke Lerner. (2016) Prehospital Opioid Administration in the Emergency Care of Injured Children. Prehospital Emergency Care 20:1, pages 59-65.
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Thuy L. Ngo, Karen Belli & Manish I. Shah. (2014) EMSC Program Manager Survey on Education of Prehospital Providers. Prehospital Emergency Care 18:3, pages 424-428.
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Bill Lord, Jason Bendall & Tracie Reinten. (2014) The Influence of Paramedic and Patient Gender on the Administration of Analgesics in the Out-of-Hospital Setting. Prehospital Emergency Care 18:2, pages 195-200.
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Jonathan R. Studnek, Antonio R. Fernandez, Steven Vandeventer, Sheryl Davis & Lee Garvey. (2013) The Association between Patients’ Perception of Their Overall Quality of Care and Their Perception of Pain Management in the Prehospital Setting. Prehospital Emergency Care 17:3, pages 386-391.
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Sriram Ramgopal & Christian Martin-Gill. (2023) Deviation From National Dosing Recommendations for Children Having Out-of-Hospital Emergencies. Pediatrics 152:2.
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Christine Eimer, Florian Reifferscheid, Philipp Jung, Marcus Rudolph, Tom Terboven, Florian Hoffmann, Ulf Lorenzen, Andrea Köser & Stephan Seewald. (2023) Pre-hospital analgesia in pediatric trauma and critically ill patients: An analysis of a German air rescue service. Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 31:1.
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Gregory Adam Whitley, Pippa Hemingway, Graham Richard Law & Aloysius Niroshan Siriwardena. (2022) Improving ambulance care for children suffering acute pain: a qualitative interview study. BMC Emergency Medicine 22:1.
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Simon Downs, Freda Mold & Nicola Carey. (2022) ‘Just little tricks’: an exploration of treating children in pain. Journal of Paramedic Practice 14:8, pages 332-340.
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Seth En Teoh, Caitlin Yuen Ling Loh, Ryan Ian Houe Chong, Clyve Yu Leon Yaow, Yoshio Masuda, Ming Xuan Han, Daryl Jimian Lin, Yu Liang Lim, Justin Choon Hwee Ng & Qin Xiang Ng. (2022) A scoping review of qualitative studies on pre-hospital analgesia administration and practice. The American Journal of Emergency Medicine 57, pages 81-90.
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Simon Downs, Nicola Carey & Freda Mold. (2022) Barriers and facilitators to out-of-hospital pain management for children. Journal of Paramedic Practice 14:4, pages 1-11.
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Yonas Abebe, Fredrik Hetmann, Kacper Sumera, Matt Holland & Trine Staff. (2021) The effectiveness and safety of paediatric prehospital pain management: a systematic review. Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 29:1.
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Christopher Rugg, Simon Woyke, Julia Ausserer, Wolfgang Voelckel, Peter Paal & Mathias Ströhle. (2021) Analgesia in pediatric trauma patients in physician-staffed Austrian helicopter rescue: a 12-year registry analysis. Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 29:1.
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Barry Handyside, Helen Pocock, Charles D. Deakin & Isabel Rodriguez-Bachiller. (2021) An EXploration of the facilitators and barriers to paramedics’ assessment and treatment of pain in PAediatric patients following Trauma (EX-PAT). British Paramedic Journal 6:2, pages 10-18.
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Gregory A Whitley, Pippa Hemingway, Graham R Law, Arwel W Jones, Ffion Curtis & Aloysius N Siriwardena. (2020) The predictors, barriers and facilitators to effective management of acute pain in children by emergency medical services: A systematic mixed studies review. Journal of Child Health Care 25:3, pages 481-503.
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Andrit Lourens, Romy Parker & Peter Hodkinson. (2021) Emergency care providers' perspectives of acute pain assessment and management in the prehospital setting, in the Western Cape, South Africa: A qualitative study. International Emergency Nursing 58, pages 101042.
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Richard A. Kamin & Mark X. Cicero. 2021. Emergency Medical Services. Emergency Medical Services 553 558 .
Mary P. Mercer. 2021. Emergency Medical Services. Emergency Medical Services 307 315 .
Gregory Adam Whitley, Pippa Hemingway, Graham Richard Law & Aloysius Niroshan Siriwardena. (2021) Ambulance clinician perspectives of disparity in prehospital child pain management: A mixed methods study. Health Science Reports 4:2.
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Andrit Lourens, Peter Hodkinson & Romy Parker. (2020) Acute pain assessment and management in the prehospital setting, in the Western Cape, South Africa: a knowledge, attitudes and practices survey. BMC Emergency Medicine 20:1.
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Phyllis L. Hendry, Amanda Roycik, Raina Davidman, James Montgomery, David Ebler, Mark Hincapie & Caitlin Borkowski. (2020) Using Epidemiology and Pediatric Direction to Inform Air Medical Quality Improvement. Air Medical Journal 39:1, pages 44-50.
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Gregory Adam Whitley, Pippa Hemingway, Graham Richard Law & A Niroshan Siriwardena. (2019) The complexity of pain management in children. Journal of Paramedic Practice 11:11, pages 466-468.
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Stuart Hartshorn & Paul M Middleton. (2018) Efficacy and safety of inhaled low-dose methoxyflurane for acute paediatric pain: A systematic review. Trauma 21:2, pages 94-102.
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David Jones, Matt Hansen, Josh Van Otterloo, Caitlin Dickinson & Jeanne-Marie Guise. (2018) Emergency Medical Services Provider Pediatric Adverse Event Rate Varies by Call Origin. Pediatric Emergency Care 34:12, pages 862-865.
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Bill Lord, Paul A. Jennings & Karen Smith. (2017) Effects of the Introduction of Intranasal Fentanyl on Reduction of Pain Severity Score in Children. Pediatric Emergency Care Publish Ahead of Print.
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Sarah A. Mellion & Kathleen Adelgais. (2017) Prehospital Pediatric Pain Management: Continued Barriers to Care. Clinical Pediatric Emergency Medicine 18:4, pages 261-267.
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Daniel E. WhitleyTimmy LiCourtney M.C. JonesJeremy T. CushmanDavid M. WilliamsManish N. Shah. (2017) An Assessment of Newly Identified Barriers to and Enablers for Prehospital Pediatric Pain Management. Pediatric Emergency Care 33:6, pages 381-387.
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Bill Lord, Paul A Jennings & Karen Smith. (2016) The epidemiology of pain in children treated by paramedics. Emergency Medicine Australasia 28:3, pages 319-324.
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Paul A. Jennings, Bill Lord & Karen Smith. (2015) Clinically meaningful reduction in pain severity in children treated by paramedics: a retrospective cohort study. The American Journal of Emergency Medicine 33:11, pages 1587-1590.
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Nir Samuel, Ivan P. Steiner & Itai Shavit. (2015) Prehospital pain management of injured children: a systematic review of current evidence. The American Journal of Emergency Medicine 33:3, pages 451-454.
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Amaly Rahman, Sarah Curtis, Beth DeBruyne, Sunil Sookram, Denise Thomson, Shari Lutz & Samina Ali. (2014) Emergency Medical Services Provider Comfort with Prehospital Analgesia Administration to Children. Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 30:1, pages 66-71.
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Michael T. Hilton & Paul M. Paris. 2015. Emergency Medical Services. Emergency Medical Services 470 476 .
Adrian Murphy, Michael Barrett, John Cronin, Siobhan McCoy, Philip Larkin, Maria Brenner, Abel Wakai & Ronan O'Sullivan. (2014) A qualitative study of the barriers to prehospital management of acute pain in children. Emergency Medicine Journal 31:6, pages 493-498.
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Kathleen M. Adelgais & Kathleen Brown. (2014) Pediatric Prehospital Pain Management: Impact of Advocacy and Research. Clinical Pediatric Emergency Medicine 15:1, pages 49-58.
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Anthony Weber, Trudy Dwyer & Brian Maguire. (2013) Appropriate morphine administration by paramedics: a review of the literature. Journal of Paramedic Practice 5:8, pages 454-460.
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Susan Marland, John Ellerton, Gary Andolfatto, Giacomo Strapazzon, Oyvind Thomassen, Brigitta Brandner, Andrew Weatherall & Peter Paal. (2013) Ketamine: Use in Anesthesia. CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics 19:6, pages 381-389.
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Stephen H. Thomas. (2013) Management of Pain in the Emergency Department. ISRN Emergency Medicine 2013, pages 1-19.
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