964
Views
60
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review Article

The timing hypothesis for coronary heart disease prevention with hormone therapy: past, present and future in perspective

, , &
Pages 217-228 | Received 28 Oct 2011, Accepted 02 Jan 2012, Published online: 22 May 2012

Keep up to date with the latest research on this topic with citation updates for this article.

Read on this site (10)

L. M. Kaemmle, A. Stadler, H. Janka, M. von Wolff & P. Stute. (2022) The impact of micronized progesterone on cardiovascular events – a systematic review. Climacteric 25:4, pages 327-336.
Read now
R. J. Baber, N. Panay & A. Fenton$suffix/text()$suffix/text(). (2016) 2016 IMS Recommendations on women’s midlife health and menopause hormone therapy. Climacteric 19:2, pages 109-150.
Read now
A. A. Ferraz Carbonel, M. Longoni Calió, M. Aparecida Santos, C. R. Antonio Bertoncini, G. da Silva Sasso, R. Santos Simões, M. Jesus Simões & J. M. Soares$suffix/text()$suffix/text(). (2015) Soybean isoflavones attenuate the expression of genes related to endometrial cancer risk. Climacteric 18:3, pages 389-398.
Read now
P. Stute, H.-G. Becker, J. Bitzer, D. Chatsiproios, F. Luzuy, M. von Wolff, D. Wunder & M. Birkhäuser. (2015) Ultra-low dose – new approaches in menopausal hormone therapy. Climacteric 18:2, pages 182-186.
Read now
Richa Sood, Stephanie S Faubion, Carol L Kuhle, Jacqueline M Thielen & Lynne T Shuster. (2014) Prescribing menopausal hormone therapy: an evidence-based approach. International Journal of Women's Health 6, pages 47-57.
Read now
J. E. Blümel, P. Chedraui, G. Barón, Z. Benítez, D. Flores, M. T. Espinoza, G. Gomez, E. González, L. Hernández, S. Lima, M. Martino, A. Montaño, A. Monterrosa, D. Mostajo, E. Ojeda, W. Onatra, C. Robles, J. Saavedra, H. Sánchez, K. Tserotas, M. S. Vallejo & C. Vallejo. (2014) A multicentric study regarding the use of hormone therapy during female mid-age (REDLINC VI). Climacteric 17:4, pages 433-441.
Read now
Anna Fenton & Nick Panay. (2014) Lipid guidelines – are we heading in the right direction?. Climacteric 17:2, pages 107-108.
Read now
Pauliina Tuomikoski & Tomi S. Mikkola. (2014) Postmenopausal hormone therapy and coronary heart disease in early postmenopausal women. Annals of Medicine 46:1, pages 1-7.
Read now
T. J. de Villiers, A. Pines, N. Panay, M. Gambacciani, D. F. Archer, R. J. Baber, S. R. Davis, A. A. Gompel, V. W. Henderson, R. Langer, R. A. Lobo, G. Plu-Bureau & D. W. Sturdee. (2013) Updated 2013 International Menopause Society recommendations on menopausal hormone therapy and preventive strategies for midlife health. Climacteric 16:3, pages 316-337.
Read now
R. D. Langer, J. E. Manson & M. A. Allison. (2012) Have we come full circle – or moved forward? The Women's Health Initiative 10 years on. Climacteric 15:3, pages 206-212.
Read now

Articles from other publishers (50)

J Piťha, I Vaněčková & J Zicha. (2023) Hypertension after the Menopause: What Can We Learn from Experimental Studies?. Physiological Research, pages S91-S112.
Crossref
Peter M. Tiidus. 2023. Sex Hormones, Exercise and Women. Sex Hormones, Exercise and Women 151 166 .
Laura Ekstrøm Løkkegaard, Mikael Thinggaard, Marianne Nygaard, Jesper Hallas, Merete Osler & Kaare Christensen. (2022) Systemic hormone therapy and dementia: A nested case-control and co-twin control study. Maturitas 165, pages 113-119.
Crossref
Roksana Karim, Wenrui Xu, Naoko Kono, Intira Sriprasert, Yanjie Li, Mingzhu Yan, Frank Z. Stanczyk, Donna Shoupe, Wendy J. Mack & Howard N. Hodis. (2022) Effect of menopausal hormone therapy on arterial wall echomorphology: Results from the Early versus Late Intervention Trial with Estradiol (ELITE). Maturitas 162, pages 15-22.
Crossref
Yong Zhang, Benard O. Ogola, Laxmi Iyer, Vardan T. Karamyan & Thomas Thekkumkara. (2022) Estrogen Metabolite 2-Methoxyestradiol Attenuates Blood Pressure in Hypertensive Rats by Downregulating Angiotensin Type 1 Receptor. Frontiers in Physiology 13.
Crossref
Guo-Qiang Zhang, Jin-Liang Chen, Ying Luo, Maya B. Mathur, Panagiotis Anagnostis, Ulugbek Nurmatov, Madar Talibov, Jing Zhang, Catherine M. Hawrylowicz, Mary Ann Lumsden, Hilary Critchley, Aziz Sheikh, Bo Lundbäck, Cecilia Lässer, Hannu Kankaanranta, Siew Hwa Lee & Bright I. Nwaru. (2021) Menopausal hormone therapy and women’s health: An umbrella review. PLOS Medicine 18:8, pages e1003731.
Crossref
Bright I. Nwaru, Syed A. Shah, Holly Tibble, Rebecca Pillinger, Susannah McLean, Dermot Ryan, Hilary Critchley, Catherine M. Hawrylowicz, Colin R. Simpson, Ireneous N. Soyiri, Francis Appiagyei, David Price & Aziz Sheikh. (2021) Hormone Replacement Therapy and Risk of Severe Asthma Exacerbation in Perimenopausal and Postmenopausal Women: 17-Year National Cohort Study. The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice 9:7, pages 2751-2760.e1.
Crossref
Ana-Roberta Niță, Greg A. Knock & Richard J. Heads. (2021) Signalling mechanisms in the cardiovascular protective effects of estrogen: With a focus on rapid/membrane signalling.. Current Research in Physiology 4, pages 103-118.
Crossref
Audra Duncan & Oonagh Scallan. 2021. Vascular Disease in Women. Vascular Disease in Women 81 90 .
Sophia Tsiligiannis & John C. Stevenson. 2021. Impact of Polycystic Ovary, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity on Women Health. Impact of Polycystic Ovary, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity on Women Health 205 215 .
N. R. Fuggle, C. Cooper, N. C. Harvey, N. Al-Daghri, M.-L. Brandi, O. Bruyere, A. Cano, E. M. Dennison, A. Diez-Perez, J.-M. Kaufman, S. Palacios, D. Prieto-Alhambra, S. Rozenberg, T. Thomas, F. Tremollieres, R. Rizzoli, J. A. Kanis & J. Y. Reginster. (2020) Assessment of Cardiovascular Safety of Anti-Osteoporosis Drugs. Drugs 80:15, pages 1537-1552.
Crossref
M. A. Chernyavskaya & I. A. Narkevich. (2020) Biological effects of phytoestrogens: clinical effectiveness and potential application in the treatment of climacteric syndrome. FARMAKOEKONOMIKA. Modern Pharmacoeconomic and Pharmacoepidemiology 13:2, pages 164-169.
Crossref
Suchada Indhavivadhana, Manee Rattanachaiyanont, Thanyarat Wongwananurak, Kitirat Techatraisak, Apiradee Jirattigalachote & Chongdee Dangrat. (2020) Effect of metformin on cardiovascular risk factors in middle‐aged Thai women with metabolic syndrome: A randomized placebo‐controlled trial. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research 46:7, pages 1193-1202.
Crossref
I. V. Kuznetsova. (2019) Risk and possibilities of preventing cardiovascular diseases in women in peri- and postmenopause. Medical alphabet 2:14, pages 6-14.
Crossref
Ayesha A. Javed, Alexandra J. Mayhew, Alison K. Shea & Parminder Raina. (2019) Association Between Hormone Therapy and Muscle Mass in Postmenopausal Women. JAMA Network Open 2:8, pages e1910154.
Crossref
Maria A. Shalina. (2019) Metabolic syndrome in older women. Journal of obstetrics and women's diseases 68:3, pages 81-88.
Crossref
V. I. Podzolkov, A. E. Bragina & N. M. Podzolkovа. (2019) Menopausal hormone therapy and heart disease prevention: desired or valid?. Cardiovascular Therapy and Prevention 18:3, pages 94-106.
Crossref
Matthew Nudy, Vernon M. Chinchilli & Andrew J. Foy. (2019) A systematic review and meta-regression analysis to examine the ‘timing hypothesis’ of hormone replacement therapy on mortality, coronary heart disease, and stroke. IJC Heart & Vasculature 22, pages 123-131.
Crossref
Néstor Siseles, Pamela Gutiérrez, Maria Alejandra Schüle & Nilson Roberto de Melo. 2019. Sex Steroids' Effects on Brain, Heart and Vessels. Sex Steroids' Effects on Brain, Heart and Vessels 245 255 .
Hassan Dehaini, Manal Fardoun, Haissam Abou-Saleh, Ahmed El-Yazbi, Assaad A. Eid & Ali H. Eid. (2018) Estrogen in vascular smooth muscle cells: A friend or a foe?. Vascular Pharmacology 111, pages 15-21.
Crossref
Lei Lei & Yuanjie Mao. (2018) Hormone treatments in congestive heart failure. Journal of International Medical Research 46:6, pages 2063-2081.
Crossref
Nannan Zhou, Yan Yue & Sidong Xiong. (2018) Sex Hormone Contributes to Sexually Dimorphic Susceptibility in CVB3-Induced Viral Myocarditis via Modulating IFN-γ + NK Cell Production. Canadian Journal of Cardiology 34:4, pages 492-501.
Crossref
Gloria E. Ashuntantang, Vesna D. Garovic, Ita P. Heilberg & Liz Lightstone. (2018) Kidneys and women's health: key challenges and considerations. Nature Reviews Nephrology 14:3, pages 203-210.
Crossref
Anna Svatikova & Sharonne N. Hayes. (2018) Menopause and menopausal hormone therapy in women: cardiovascular benefits and risks. Revista Colombiana de Cardiología 25, pages 30-33.
Crossref
Lisa N. KransdorfAnita P. MayerJulia A. Files. (2017) Neurological Disease in Women: Stroke, Cognition, and Headache. Journal of Women's Health 26:5, pages 520-523.
Crossref
Louise R Newson. (2016) Best practice for HRT: unpicking the evidence. British Journal of General Practice 66:653, pages 597-598.
Crossref
Katie L. Pennington & Margaret M. DeAngelis. (2016) Epidemiology of age-related macular degeneration (AMD): associations with cardiovascular disease phenotypes and lipid factors. Eye and Vision 3:1.
Crossref
Judy L. Bolton. (2016) Menopausal Hormone Therapy, Age, and Chronic Diseases: Perspectives on Statistical Trends. Chemical Research in Toxicology 29:10, pages 1583-1590.
Crossref
Brasilina CarocciaTeresa M. SecciaMatthias BartonGian Paolo Rossi. (2016) Estrogen Signaling in the Adrenal Cortex. Hypertension 68:4, pages 840-848.
Crossref
Elena Pinceti, Cody L. Shults, Yathindar S. Rao & Toni R. Pak. (2016) Differential Effects of E2 on MAPK Activity in the Brain and Heart of Aged Female Rats. PLOS ONE 11:8, pages e0160276.
Crossref
Lisa Gallicchio, Carla Calhoun & Kathy Helzlsouer. (2016) Effect of Aromatase Inhibitor Therapy on the Cardiovascular Health of Black and White Breast Cancer Patients. Clinical Breast Cancer 16:3, pages e23-e31.
Crossref
Henry Boardman, Louise Hartley, Anne Eisinga, Caroline Main & Marta Roqu? I Figuls. (2016) Cochrane corner: oral hormone therapy and cardiovascular outcomes in post-menopausal women. Heart 102:1, pages 9-11.
Crossref
Xiao-Hua Yuan, Yang-Yang Fan, Chun-Rong Yang, Xiao-Rui Gao, Li-Li Zhang, Ying Hu, Ya-Qin Wang & Hu Jun. (2016) Progesterone amplifies oxidative stress signal and promotes NO production via H2O2 in mouse kidney arterial endothelial cells. The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 155, pages 104-111.
Crossref
Georgina E. Hale & Chrisandra L. Shufelt. (2015) Hormone therapy in menopause: An update on cardiovascular disease considerations. Trends in Cardiovascular Medicine 25:6, pages 540-549.
Crossref
Ingegärd Anveden Berglind, Morten Andersen, Anna Citarella, Marie Linder, Anders Sundström & Helle Kieler. (2015) Hormone therapy and risk of cardiovascular outcomes and mortality in women treated with statins. Menopause 22:4, pages 369-376.
Crossref
Ronée E Harvey, Kirsten E Coffman & Virginia M Miller. (2015) Women-Specific Factors to Consider in Risk, Diagnosis and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease. Women's Health 11:2, pages 239-257.
Crossref
Adriana Rojas-Villarraga, July-Vianneth Torres-Gonzalez & Ángela-María Ruiz-Sternberg. (2014) Safety of Hormonal Replacement Therapy and Oral Contraceptives in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. PLoS ONE 9:8, pages e104303.
Crossref
Howard N. Hodis & Wendy J. Mack. (2014) Hormone replacement therapy and the association with coronary heart disease and overall mortality: Clinical application of the timing hypothesis. The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 142, pages 68-75.
Crossref
Zhuo ZhaoHao WangJewell A. JessupSarah H. LindseyMark C. Chappell & Leanne Groban. (2014) Role of estrogen in diastolic dysfunction. American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 306:5, pages H628-H640.
Crossref
M. L'Hermite. 2014. Reference Module in Biomedical Sciences. Reference Module in Biomedical Sciences.
Michelle P. Warren, Olivia Richardson, Sonal Chaudhry, Aimee D. Shu, Yael Swica, Valerie R. Sims & Nancy L. Sloan. (2013) Quality of life and hypertension after hormone therapy withdrawal in New York City. Menopause 20:12, pages 1255-1263.
Crossref
Alicia K. Dietrich, Gwendolyn I. Humphreys & Ann M. Nardulli. (2013) 17β-Estradiol increases expression of the oxidative stress response and DNA repair protein apurinic endonuclease (Ape1) in the cerebral cortex of female mice following hypoxia. The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 138, pages 410-420.
Crossref
Amita A Mahendru & Edward Morris. (2013) Cardiovascular disease in menopause: Does the obstetric history have any bearing?. Menopause International 19:3, pages 115-120.
Crossref
Peter M. TiidusDawn A. Lowe & Marybeth Brown. (2013) Estrogen replacement and skeletal muscle: mechanisms and population health. Journal of Applied Physiology 115:5, pages 569-578.
Crossref
Carolina Valdiviezo, Shari Lawson & Pamela Ouyang. (2013) An update on menopausal hormone replacement therapy in women and cardiovascular disease. Current Opinion in Endocrinology, Diabetes & Obesity 20:2, pages 148-155.
Crossref
Erika DaviesNgoda P. MangongiChristine L. Carter. (2013) Is Timing Everything? A Meeting Report of the Society for Women's Health Research Roundtable on Menopausal Hormone Therapy. Journal of Women's Health 22:4, pages 303-311.
Crossref
Thomas B. Clarkson, Giselle C. Meléndez & Susan E. Appt. (2013) Timing hypothesis for postmenopausal hormone therapy. Menopause 20:3, pages 342-353.
Crossref
L Wang, X-M Qiu, Q Hao & D-J Li. (2013) Anti-inflammatory effects of a Chinese herbal medicine in atherosclerosis via estrogen receptor β mediating nitric oxide production and NF-κB suppression in endothelial cells. Cell Death & Disease 4:3, pages e551-e551.
Crossref
P. Stute. (2013) Das kognitive ?window of opportunity? der HormontherapieThe cognitive window of opportunity of hormone therapy. Gyn?kologische Endokrinologie 11:1, pages 54-54.
Crossref
Jyothi Unni. (2012) Current concepts in the management of menopause. Apollo Medicine 9:3, pages 193-197.
Crossref

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.