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Review Article

Levamisole in cocaine: Unexpected news from an old acquaintance

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Pages 231-241 | Received 01 Nov 2011, Accepted 06 Feb 2012, Published online: 28 Mar 2012

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Meric A. Altinoz, Alp Ozpinar, Emily Hacker & Aysel Ozpinar. (2022) Combining locoregional CAR-T cells, autologous + allogeneic tumor lysate vaccination and levamisole in treatment of glioblastoma. Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology 44:6, pages 797-808.
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Simona Martello, Massimo Pieri, Cristiano Ialongo, Stefano Pignalosa, Gianluca Noce, Francesca Vernich, Carmelo Russo, Federico Mineo, Sergio Bernardini & Luigi Tonino Marsella. (2017) Levamisole in Illicit Trafficking Cocaine Seized: A One-Year Study. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs 49:5, pages 408-412.
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Zachary Dezman, Barbara Rimi & Joshua McClain. (2016) Purpura and leukopenia in a cocaine user. Clinical Toxicology 54:7, pages 601-602.
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Céline Eiden, Hélène Peyrière, Caroline Diot & Olivier Mathieu. (2015) Prevalence of levamisole and aminorex in patients tested positive for cocaine in a French University Hospital. Clinical Toxicology 53:7, pages 604-608.
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Céline Eiden, Caroline Diot, Olivier Mathieu, Michel Mallaret & Hélène Peyrière. (2014) Levamisole-Adulterated Cocaine: What about in European Countries?. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs 46:5, pages 389-392.
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Frank M Orson, Rongfu Wang, Stephen Brimijoin, Berma M Kinsey, Rana AK Singh, Muthu Ramakrishnan, Helen Y Wang & Thomas R Kosten. (2014) The future potential for cocaine vaccines. Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy 14:9, pages 1271-1283.
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Omar Metwally, Massihullah Hamidi, Leilani Townsend, Hasan Abualula, Anwar Zaitoun & Thomas Lall. (2013) The Cocaine Trail: Levamisole-Induced Leukocytoclastic Vasculitis in a Cocaine User. Substance Abuse 34:1, pages 75-77.
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Paul D. Blanc, Cynthia Chin & Kara L. Lynch. (2012) Multifocal inflammatory leukoencephalopathy associated with cocaine abuse: Is levamisole responsible?. Clinical Toxicology 50:6, pages 534-535.
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