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Clinical Toxicology Volume 15, 1979 - Issue 3
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Research Article

Xylazine Hydrochloridine (Rompun) Overdose in Man

S. G. Carruthers Departments of Medicine, Pharmacology and Anesthesia, The Regional Drug Information Centre University Hospital, London, Ontario, Canada, N6A 5A5; The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada, N6A 5A5
,
M. Nelson Departments of Medicine, Pharmacology and Anesthesia, The Regional Drug Information Centre University Hospital, London, Ontario, Canada, N6A 5A5; The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada, N6A 5A5
,
H. R. Wexler Departments of Medicine, Pharmacology and Anesthesia, The Regional Drug Information Centre University Hospital, London, Ontario, Canada, N6A 5A5; The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada, N6A 5A5
&
C. R. Stiller Departments of Medicine, Pharmacology and Anesthesia, The Regional Drug Information Centre University Hospital, London, Ontario, Canada, N6A 5A5; The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada, N6A 5A5
Pages 281-285 | Published online: 25 Sep 2008

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Noah S. Ball, Brittany M. Knable, Taylor A. Relich, Allyson N. Smathers, Michael R. Gionfriddo, Branden D. Nemecek, Courtney A. Montepara, Anthony J. Guarascio, Jordan R. Covvey & David E. Zimmerman. (2022) Xylazine poisoning: a systematic review. Clinical Toxicology 60:8, pages 892-901.
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Ryan Chuang, Farah Saleh & Bader Alyahya. (2018) Pediatric cardiac toxicity associated with fentanyl ingestion. Toxicology Communications 2:1, pages 39-41.
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Teresa McDonnell, MaryT. Kelly & MalcolmR. Smyth. (1993) HPLC Determination of Xylazine in Equine Plasma by High Performance Liquid Chromatography. Analytical Letters 26:7, pages 1547-1556.
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C.G. MacKintosh & G. Van Reenen. (1984) Comparison of yohimbine, 4-aminopyridine and doxapram antagonism of xylazine sedation in deer (Cervus elaphus). New Zealand Veterinary Journal 32:11, pages 181-184.
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Anacleto G. Gallanosa, Daniel A. Spyker, James R. Shipe & Dennis L. Morris. (1981) Human Xylazine Overdose: A Comparative Review with Clonidine, Phenothiazines, and Tricyclic Antidepressants. Clinical Toxicology 18:6, pages 663-678.
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Articles from other publishers (38)

. (2023) Medical and Public Health Imperatives of Xylazine. New England Journal of Medicine 389:8, pages 770-772.
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Shahana Ayub, Shanli Parnia, Karuna Poddar, Anil K Bachu, Amanda Sullivan, Ali M Khan, Saeed Ahmed & Lakshit Jain. (2023) Xylazine in the Opioid Epidemic: A Systematic Review of Case Reports and Clinical Implications. Cureus.
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Rachel Ehrman-Dupre, Caroline Kaigh, Matt Salzman, Rachel Haroz, Lars-Kristofer Peterson & Ryan Schmidt. (2022) Management of Xylazine Withdrawal in a Hospitalized Patient: A Case Report. Journal of Addiction Medicine 16:5, pages 595-598.
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Kasrin Saisahas, Asamee Soleh, Kiattisak Promsuwan, Jenjira Saichanapan, Apichai Phonchai, Nabeesathul Sumayya Mohamed Sadiq, Way Koon Teoh, Kah Haw Chang, Ahmad Fahmi Lim Abdullah & Warakorn Limbut. (2022) Nanocoral-like Polyaniline-Modified Graphene-Based Electrochemical Paper-Based Analytical Device for a Portable Electrochemical Sensor for Xylazine Detection. ACS Omega 7:16, pages 13913-13924.
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Warren R. Korn, Matthew D. Stone, Kaddie L. Haviland, Joanne M. Toohey & Douglas F. Stickle. (2021) High prevalence of xylazine among fentanyl screen-positive urines from hospitalized patients, Philadelphia, 2021. Clinica Chimica Acta 521, pages 151-154.
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Jacqueline Nunez, Maura E. DeJoseph & James R. Gill. (2021) Xylazine, a Veterinary Tranquilizer, Detected in 42 Accidental Fentanyl Intoxication Deaths. American Journal of Forensic Medicine & Pathology 42:1, pages 9-11.
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Jatupon Krongvorakul, Saranya Auparakkitanon, Satariya Trakulsrichai, Pitsucha Sanguanwit, Jetjamnong Sueajai, Nantida Noumjad & Winai Wananukul. (2018) Use of Xylazine in Drug-Facilitated Crimes. Journal of Forensic Sciences 63:4, pages 1325-1330.
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Hilke Andresen‐Streichert, Stefanie Iwersen‐Bergmann, Alexander Mueller & Sven Anders. (2016) Attempted Drug‐facilitated Sexual Assault—Xylazine Intoxication in a Child. Journal of Forensic Sciences 62:1, pages 270-273.
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Peter Mulders, Vicky van Duijnhoven & Arnt Schellekens. (2016) Xylazine Dependence and Detoxification: A Case Report. Psychosomatics 57:5, pages 529-533.
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A. J. Perrin. (2015) Intentional misuse of veterinary medications in human suicide. Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics 38:3, pages 209-213.
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Nigel Caulkett & Todd Shury. 2014. Zoo Animal and Wildlife Immobilization and Anesthesia. Zoo Animal and Wildlife Immobilization and Anesthesia 181 187 .
Kazandra Ruiz-Colón, Carlos Chavez-Arias, José Eric Díaz-Alcalá & María A. Martínez. (2014) Xylazine intoxication in humans and its importance as an emerging adulterant in abused drugs: A comprehensive review of the literature. Forensic Science International 240, pages 1-8.
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Golo M.J. Meyer, Markus R. Meyer, Bernhard Mischo, Otto Schofer & Hans H. Maurer. (2013) Case report of accidental poisoning with the tranquilizer xylazine and the anesthetic ketamine confirmed by qualitative and quantitative toxicological analysis using GC‐MS and LC‐MS n . Drug Testing and Analysis 5:9-10, pages 785-789.
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Kevin Woodward & Kevin WoodwardK. N. Woodward. 2012. Toxicological Effects of Veterinary Medicinal Products in Humans. Toxicological Effects of Veterinary Medicinal Products in Humans 155 247 .
K. Ruiz-Colon, M. A. Martinez, L. A. Silva-Torres, C. Chavez-Arias, M. Melendez-Negron, M. S. Conte-Miller & J. Bloom-Oquendo. (2012) Simultaneous Determination of Xylazine, Free Morphine, Codeine, 6-Acetylmorphine, Cocaine and Benzoylecgonine in Postmortem Blood by UPLC-MS-MS. Journal of Analytical Toxicology 36:5, pages 319-326.
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A. Haymerle, Å. Fahlman & C. Walzer. (2010) Human exposures to immobilising agents: results of an online survey. Veterinary Record 167:9, pages 327-332.
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K. N. Woodward. 2009. Veterinary Pharmacovigilance. Veterinary Pharmacovigilance 475 515 .
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Larissa I. Velez, Greene Shepherd, Lisa D. Mills & Wilfredo Rivera. (2006) Systemic toxicity after an ocular exposure to xylazine hydrochloride. The Journal of Emergency Medicine 30:4, pages 407-410.
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K. N. WOODWARD. (2005) Veterinary pharmacovigilance. Part 4. Adverse reactions in humans to veterinary medicinal products. Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics 28:2, pages 185-201.
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K.N. Woodward. 2004. Pesticide, Veterinary and Other Residues in Food. Pesticide, Veterinary and Other Residues in Food 175 223 .
Jose I. Elejalde, Clint Jean Louis, Rosario Elcuaz & Miguel A. Pinillos. (2003) Drug abuse with inhalated xylazine. European Journal of Emergency Medicine 10:3, pages 252-253.
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Matthew E Stillwell. (2003) A reported case involving impaired driving following self-administration of xylazine. Forensic Science International 134:1, pages 25-28.
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ANDREW J. CAPRARO, JAMES F. WILEYIIII & JEFFREY R. TUCKER. (2001) Severe intoxication from xylazine inhalation. Pediatric Emergency Care 17:6, pages 447-448.
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Roger E. MittlemanW. Lee HearnGeorge W. Hime. (1998) Xylazine Toxicity—Literature Review and Report of Two Cases. Journal of Forensic Sciences 43:2, pages 16155J.
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Itzchak Beiran, Benjamin Miller & Yedidia Bentur. (2016) The efficacy of calcium gluconate in ocular hydrofluoric acid burns. Human & Experimental Toxicology 16:4, pages 223-228.
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JJ FYFFE. (2008) Effects of xylazine on humans: a review. Australian Veterinary Journal 71:9, pages 294-295.
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Hamid R. Amouzadeh, Charles W. QuallsJrJr, John H. WyckoffIIIIII, Gladstone K. Dzata, Subbiah Sangiah, Andy Mauromoustakos & Larry E. Stein. (2016) Biochemical and Morphological Alterations in Xylazine-Induced Pulmonary Edema*,†. Toxicologic Pathology 21:6, pages 562-571.
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H.R. Amouzadeh, S. Sangiah, C.W. QuallsJr.Jr., R.L. Cowell & A. Mauromoustakos. (1991) Xylazine-induced pulmonary edema in rats. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 108:3, pages 417-427.
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John C. Thurmon. (1990) General Clinical Considerations for Anesthesia of the Horse. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice 6:3, pages 485-494.
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A. Samanta, C. Roffe & K. L. Woods. (1990) Accidental self administration of xylazine in a veterinary nurse.. Postgraduate Medical Journal 66:773, pages 244-245.
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David J. McCann, Richard A. Rabin & J.C. Winter. (1987) Interactions of clonidine with phencyclidine and ketamine: Studies of radial maze performance and righting reflex in rats. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior 26:1, pages 23-28.
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David G. Spoerke, Alan H. Hall, Michael J. Grimes, Bertrand N. HoneaIIIIII & Barry H. Rumack. (1986) Human overdose with the veterinary tranquilizer xylazine. The American Journal of Emergency Medicine 4:3, pages 222-224.
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JAMES A. BURKE & DAVID E. POTTER. (1986) The Ocular Effects of Xylazine in Rabbits, Cats, and Monkeys. Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics 2:1, pages 9-21.
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S Lewis, C L O'Callaghan & P J Toghill. (1983) Clinical curio: self medication with xylazine.. BMJ 287:6402, pages 1369-1369.
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