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Research Article

Phthalate Esters: The Question of Safety—An Update

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Pages 447-466 | Published online: 25 Sep 2008

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Read on this site (11)

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Leo Martis, E. Freid & E. Woods. (1987) Tissue distribution and excretion of tri‐(2‐ethylhexyl)trimellitate in rats. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health 20:4, pages 357-366.
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RosalindS. Labow, Monika Tocchi & G. Rock. (1986) Contamination of platelet storage bags by phthalate esters. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health 19:4, pages 591-598.
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D. K. Agarwal, W. H. Lawrence, L. J. Nunez & J. Autian. (1985) Mutagenicity evaluation of phthalic acid esters and metabolites in salmonella typhimurium cultures. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health 16:1, pages 61-69.
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John A. Thomas, Michael J. Thomas & Sharat D. Gangolli. (1984) Biological Effects of DI-(2-Ethylhexyl) Phthalate and Other Phthalic Acid Esters. CRC Critical Reviews in Toxicology 13:4, pages 283-317.
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R. Gollamudi, H. R. Prasanna, R. Hanumantha Rao, W. H. Lawrence & J. Autian. (1983) Impaired metabolism of di(2‐ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) in old rats‐an in vitro study. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health 12:4-6, pages 623-632.
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WilliamM. Kluwe, JosephK. Haseman, J. Fielding Douglas & JamesE. Huff. (1982) The carcinogenicity of dietary di(2‐ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) in fischer 344 rats and B6C3F1 mice. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health 10:4-5, pages 797-815.
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JohnA. Thomas & SharonJ. Northup. (1982) Toxicity and metabolism of monoethylhexyl phthalate and diethylhexyl phthalate: A survey of recent literature. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health 9:1, pages 141-152.
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Roger A Acey, Stacie Bailey, Patricia Healy, Chang Jo, Thomas F Unger & Richard A Hudson. (2002) A butyrylcholinesterase in the early development of the brine shrimp (Artemia salina) larvae: a target for phthalate ester embryotoxicity?. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 299:4, pages 659-662.
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Chandrakant S. Karigar, Shobha H. Banji & Basayya G. Pujar. (2013) Degradation of homophthalic acid byAspergillus niger. Current Microbiology 27:3, pages 177-180.
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Tina Granholm, Dianne M. Creasy, Pasi Pöllänen & Olof Söder. (1992) Di-n-pentyl phthalate-induced inflammatory changes in the rat testis are accompanied by local production of a novel lymphocyte activating factor. Journal of Reproductive Immunology 21:1, pages 1-14.
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R. Gollamudi, W. H. Lawrence, R. H. Rao & J. Autian. (2006) Effects of phthalic acid esters on drug metabolizing enzymes of rat liver. Journal of Applied Toxicology 5:6, pages 368-371.
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Shinshi Oishi. (1985) Reversibility of testicular atrophy induced by di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate in rats. Environmental Research 36:1, pages 160-169.
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Christina Melin & Hans Egnéus. (2006) Effects of di‐ n ‐butyl phthalate on growth and photosynthesis in algae and on isolated organelles from higher plants . Physiologia Plantarum 59:3, pages 461-466.
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Ingemar Kihlström. (2009) Placental Transfer of Diethylhexyl Phthalate in the Guinea‐pig Placenta Perfused in Situ . Acta Pharmacologica et Toxicologica 53:1, pages 23-27.
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Halfdan Aass, Anders Hedberg, Tor Skomedal, Enar Carlsson & Jan‐Bjørn Osnes. (2009) Characterization of Mechanical Effects and β‐Adrenoceptor Binding of Prenalterol in Rat Myocardium. Acta Pharmacologica et Toxicologica 53:1, pages 3-11.
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K. Rathinam, A.C. Fernandez, P.V. Vedanarayanan, V.V. Bhujle & K. Srinivasan. (1983) The occurrence of phthalic acid esters in various samples of commercially available sodium chloride injections (Indian Pharmacopoeia). Toxicology Letters 15:4, pages 329-333.
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Dianne M. Creasy, John R. Foster & Paul M. D. Foster. (2005) The morphological development of di‐ n ‐pentyl phthalate induced testicular atrophy in the rat . The Journal of Pathology 139:3, pages 309-321.
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Paul M.D. Foster, Lucy V. Thomas, Melvyn W. Cook & David G. Walters. (1983) Effect of DI-n-pentyl phthalate treatment on testicular steroidogenic enzymes and cytochrome P-450 in the rat. Toxicology Letters 15:2-3, pages 265-271.
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