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Research Article

Fentanyl: A Review for Clinical and Analytical Toxicologists

Pages 439-447 | Published online: 25 Sep 2008

Keep up to date with the latest research on this topic with citation updates for this article.

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Erin Kasson, Lindsey M. Filiatreau, Nina Kaiser, Kevin Davet, Jordan Taylor, Sanjana Garg, Mai El Sherief, Talayeh Aledavood, Munmun De Choudhury & Patricia Cavazos-Rehg. (2023) Using Social Media to Examine Themes Surrounding Fentanyl Misuse and Risk Indicators. Substance Use & Misuse 58:7, pages 920-929.
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Joseph J. Palamar, Alberto Salomone, Rachele Bigiarini, Marco Vincenti, Patricia Acosta & Babak Tofighi. (2019) Testing hair for fentanyl exposure: a method to inform harm reduction behavior among individuals who use heroin. The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse 45:1, pages 90-96.
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Eerold Vellemäe, Anton Mastitski, Jaak Järv & Jukka Veli Hiltunen. (2018) A Convenient Methanolysis in the Synthesis of Carfentanyl. Organic Preparations and Procedures International 50:5, pages 522-526.
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Anders Helander, Matilda Bäckberg, Patrick Signell & Olof Beck. (2017) Intoxications involving acrylfentanyl and other novel designer fentanyls – results from the Swedish STRIDA project. Clinical Toxicology 55:6, pages 589-599.
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Matilda Bäckberg, Olof Beck, Karl-Henrik Jönsson & Anders Helander. (2015) Opioid intoxications involving butyrfentanyl, 4-fluorobutyrfentanyl, and fentanyl from the Swedish STRIDA project. Clinical Toxicology 53:7, pages 609-617.
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Robert B. Palmer. (2010) Fentanyl in postmortem forensic toxicology. Clinical Toxicology 48:8, pages 771-784.
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PeterL. Tenore. (2010) Advanced Urine Toxicology Testing. Journal of Addictive Diseases 29:4, pages 436-448.
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Heather Schumann, Tim Erickson, Trevonne M. Thompson, John L. Zautcke & J. Scott Denton. (2008) Fentanyl epidemic in Chicago, Illinois and surrounding Cook County. Clinical Toxicology 46:6, pages 501-506.
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Kyriaki Mystakidou, Emmanuela Katsouda, Efi Parpa, Lambros Vlahos & Marinos L. Tsiatas. (2006) Oral Transmucosal Fentanyl Citrate: Overview of Pharmacological and Clinical Characteristics. Drug Delivery 13:4, pages 269-276.
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Articles from other publishers (71)

Flora Bahrami, René Michel Rossi, Katelijne De Nys & Thijs Defraeye. (2023) An individualized digital twin of a patient for transdermal fentanyl therapy for chronic pain management. Drug Delivery and Translational Research 13:9, pages 2272-2285.
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Yoshio Nakagawa, Jin Suzuki, Toshinari Suzuki, Hideyo Takahashi, Kosho Makino, Yasushi Ono, Miho Sakamoto & Akiko Inomata. (2023) Cytotoxic effects of psychoactive isobutyrylfentanyl and its halogenated derivatives on isolated rat hepatocytes. Journal of Applied Toxicology 43:9, pages 1379-1392.
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Taryn Bosquez-Berger, Jessica A. Gudorf, Charles P. Kuntz, Jacob A. Desmond, Jonathan P. Schlebach, Michael S. VanNieuwenhze & Alex Straiker. (2023) Structure–Activity Relationship Study of Cannabidiol-Based Analogs as Negative Allosteric Modulators of the μ-Opioid Receptor. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 66:14, pages 9466-9494.
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Xuan Luo, Jing Peng, Kejian Huang, Xiaofeng Liu, Ning Yang & Qiulian Luo. (2023) Study on Electron Ionization-Mass Spectrometry Characteristics Fragments and Cleavage Patterns of Fentanyl-type New Psychoactive Substances. Forensic Chemistry, pages 100518.
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Karam Chamoun, Lucie Chevillard, Aline Hajj, Jacques Callebert & Bruno Mégarbane. (2023) Mechanisms of Neurorespiratory Toxicity Induced by Fentanyl Analogs—Lessons from Animal Studies. Pharmaceuticals 16:3, pages 382.
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Qian Wang, Jing Dong, Xin Ye & Yi-Feng Ren. (2023) A Meta-Analysis Showing the Quantitative Evidence Base of Preemptive Pregabalin for Postoperative Pain from Cancer-Related Surgery. Medicina 59:2, pages 280.
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Yu Zhang, John C. Halifax, Christina Tangsombatvisit, Cassandra Yun, Shaokun Pang, Shirin Hooshfar, Alan H.B. Wu & Kara L. Lynch. (2022) Development and application of a High-Resolution mass spectrometry method for the detection of fentanyl analogs in urine and serum. Journal of Mass Spectrometry and Advances in the Clinical Lab 26, pages 1-6.
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Savitha Racha, Megan Buresh & Michael Fingerhood. (2022) Pharmacotherapy of Opioid Use Disorder—Update and Current Challenges. Psychiatric Clinics of North America 45:3, pages 335-346.
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Jayashree C. Patel & Suphiya Parveen. (2021) In Vitro and In Vivo Analysis of Fentanyl and Fentalog Metabolites using Hyphenated Chromatographic Techniques: A Review. Chemical Research in Toxicology 35:1, pages 30-42.
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Sakshi Yadav, Anuj Ajayababu, Tej Prakash Sinha & Sanjeev Bhoi. 2022. Pain Management - From Pain Mechanisms to Patient Care [Working Title]. Pain Management - From Pain Mechanisms to Patient Care [Working Title].
Sierra Ferguson & Aviva Teitelbaum. 2022. Addiction Medicine. Addiction Medicine 67 79 .
Victor W. Weedn, Mary Elizabeth Zaney, Bruce McCord, Ira Lurie & Andrew Baker. (2021) Fentanyl‐related substance scheduling as an effective drug control strategy. Journal of Forensic Sciences 66:4, pages 1186-1200.
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Ulrike Lorch, Tomasz Pierscionek, Anne Freier, Christopher S. Spencer & Jörg Täubel. (2020) Safety, Tolerability, and Dose Proportionality of a Novel Transdermal Fentanyl Matrix Patch and Bioequivalence With a Matrix Fentanyl Patch: Two Phase 1 Single‐Center Open‐Label, Randomized Crossover Studies in Healthy Japanese Volunteers. Clinical Pharmacology in Drug Development 10:3, pages 260-271.
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Rebekah E Wharton, Jerry Casbohm, Ryan Hoffmaster, Bobby N Brewer, M G Finn & Rudolph C Johnson. (2021) Detection of 30 Fentanyl Analogs by Commercial Immunoassay Kits. Journal of Analytical Toxicology 45:2, pages 111-116.
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Jonathan P. Caulkins, Anne GouldBryce Pardo, Peter Reuter & Bradley D. Stein. (2021) Opioids and the Criminal Justice System: New Challenges Posed by the Modern Opioid Epidemic. Annual Review of Criminology 4:1, pages 353-375.
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Javad Mozafari, Mohammadreza Maleki Verki, Hassan Motamed, Alireza Sabouhi & Fatemeh Tirandaz. (2020) Comparing intranasal ketamine with intravenous fentanyl in reducing pain in patients with renal colic: A double-blind randomized clinical trial. The American Journal of Emergency Medicine 38:3, pages 549-553.
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Zhao Li, Hui Chen, Sheng Feng, Kengku Liu & Ping Wang. (2020) Development and Clinical Validation of a Sensitive Lateral Flow Assay for Rapid Urine Fentanyl Screening in the Emergency Department. Clinical Chemistry 66:2, pages 324-332.
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Jacqueline E. Goldman, Katherine M. Waye, Kobe A. Periera, Maxwell S. Krieger, Jesse L. Yedinak & Brandon D. L. Marshall. (2019) Perspectives on rapid fentanyl test strips as a harm reduction practice among young adults who use drugs: a qualitative study. Harm Reduction Journal 16:1.
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Ying Han, Wei Yan, Yongbo Zheng, Muhammad Zahid Khan, Kai Yuan & Lin Lu. (2019) The rising crisis of illicit fentanyl use, overdose, and potential therapeutic strategies. Translational Psychiatry 9:1.
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Randy Torralva & Aaron Janowsky. (2019) Noradrenergic Mechanisms in Fentanyl-Mediated Rapid Death Explain Failure of Naloxone in the Opioid Crisis. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 371:2, pages 453-475.
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Joshua D. Weatherston, Shuai Yuan, Chad V. Mashuga & Hung-Jen Wu. (2019) Multi-functional SERS substrate: Collection, separation, and identification of airborne chemical powders on a single device. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 297, pages 126765.
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Alonja Reiter, Alexander Mueller, Benjamin Otto, Sven Anders, Maja Falckenberg, Stefanie Iwersen-Bergmann & Hilke Andresen-Streichert. (2019) Fast increase of postmortem fentanyl blood concentrations after transdermal application: A call to careful interpretation. Forensic Science International 302, pages 109896.
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Lauren C. Smith, Paul T. Bremer, Candy S. Hwang, Bin Zhou, Beverly Ellis, Mark S. Hixon & Kim D. Janda. (2019) Monoclonal Antibodies for Combating Synthetic Opioid Intoxication. Journal of the American Chemical Society 141:26, pages 10489-10503.
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Abhijeet Maurya, Srinath Rangappa, Jungeun Bae, Trisha Dhawan, Sankar Srinivas Ajjarapu & S. Narasimha Murthy. (2019) Evaluation of soluble fentanyl microneedles for loco-regional anti-nociceptive activity. International Journal of Pharmaceutics 564, pages 485-491.
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David H. Cisewski & Sergey M. Motov. (2019) Essential pharmacologic options for acute pain management in the emergency setting. Turkish Journal of Emergency Medicine 19:1, pages 1-11.
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Jian-Da Lu & Jun Xue. 2019. Critical Care Nephrology. Critical Care Nephrology 600 629.e7 .
Stefano D'Errico. (2018) Commentary. Fentanyl-related death and the underreporting risk. Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine 60, pages 35-37.
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S. Mallory Burns, Christopher W. Cunningham & Susan L. Mercer. (2018) DARK Classics in Chemical Neuroscience: Fentanyl. ACS Chemical Neuroscience 9:10, pages 2428-2437.
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Patil Armenian, Kathy T. Vo, Jill Barr-Walker & Kara L. Lynch. (2018) Fentanyl, fentanyl analogs and novel synthetic opioids: A comprehensive review. Neuropharmacology 134, pages 121-132.
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C.N. Chatterton & M. Scott-Ham. (2018) The distribution and redistribution of fentanyl & norfentanyl in post mortem samples. Forensic Science International 284, pages 146-152.
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Laura Hikin, Paul R. Smith, Eleanor Ringland, Simon Hudson & Stephen R. Morley. (2018) Multiple fatalities in the North of England associated with synthetic fentanyl analogue exposure: Detection and quantitation a case series from early 2017. Forensic Science International 282, pages 179-183.
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Ana Causanilles, Juliet Kinyua, Christoph Ruttkies, Alexander L.N. van Nuijs, Erik Emke, Adrian Covaci & Pim de Voogt. (2017) Qualitative screening for new psychoactive substances in wastewater collected during a city festival using liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry. Chemosphere 184, pages 1186-1193.
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Lisa K. Dr. Freeman, Stacey Bourque, Nick Etches, Karin Goodison, Claire O’Gorman, Kay Rittenbach, Christopher A. Sikora & Mark Yarema. (2017) Alberta’s provincial take-home naloxone program: A multi-sectoral and multi-jurisdictional response to overdose. Canadian Journal of Public Health 108:4, pages 398-402.
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Joji Suzuki & Saria El-Haddad. (2017) A review: Fentanyl and non-pharmaceutical fentanyls. Drug and Alcohol Dependence 171, pages 107-116.
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Fang Wu, Matthew H. Slawson & Kamisha L. Johnson-Davis. (2017) Metabolic Patterns of Fentanyl, Meperidine, Methylphenidate, Tapentadol and Tramadol Observed in Urine, Serum or Plasma. Journal of Analytical Toxicology.
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Shaohua Li, Devora Cohen-Karni, Marina Kovaliov, Nestor Tomycz, Boyle Cheng, Donald Whiting & Saadyah Averick. (2017) Synthesis and biological evaluation of fentanyl acrylic derivatives. RSC Advances 7:32, pages 20015-20019.
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