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Original Article

Dependence-Producing Potential of Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids

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Pages 539-550 | Published online: 11 Jul 2009

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Read on this site (5)

Orlanda Harvey, Margarete Parrish, Edwin van Teijlingen & Steven Trenoweth. (2022) Libido as a motivator for starting and restarting non-prescribed anabolic androgenic steroid use among men: a mixed-methods study. Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy 29:3, pages 276-288.
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Geoff Bates, David Tod, Conan Leavey & Jim McVeigh. (2019) An evidence-based socioecological framework to understand men’s use of anabolic androgenic steroids and inform interventions in this area. Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy 26:6, pages 484-492.
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MarioJ. Vassallo & TracyW. Olrich. (2010) Confidence by injection: Male users of anabolic steroids speak of increases in perceived confidence through anabolic steroid use. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology 8:1, pages 70-80.
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Jason Cohen, Rick Collins, Jack Darkes & Daniel Gwartney. (2007) A league of their own: demographics, motivations and patterns of use of 1,955 male adult non-medical anabolic steroid users in the United States. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition 4:1.
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Articles from other publishers (22)

Jenny Eriksrød Skauen, Ståle Pallesen, Astrid Bjørnebekk, Razieh Chegeni, André Syvertsen, Andrea Petróczi & Dominic Sagoe. (2023) Prevalence and correlates of androgen dependence: a meta-analysis, meta-regression analysis and qualitative synthesis. Current Opinion in Endocrinology, Diabetes & Obesity 30:6, pages 309-323.
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David M. Siebert. 2020. Mental Health in the Athlete. Mental Health in the Athlete 115 126 .
Geoff Bates, Marie-Claire Van Hout, Joseph Tay Wee Teck & Jim McVeigh. (2019) Treatments for people who use anabolic androgenic steroids: a scoping review. Harm Reduction Journal 16:1.
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Tom Hildebrandt, Ashley Heywood, Daniel Wesley & Kurt Schulz. (2018) Defining the Construct of Synthetic Androgen Intoxication: An Application of General Brain Arousal. Frontiers in Psychology 9.
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Emanuela Mhillaj, Maria G. Morgese, Paolo Tucci, Maria Bove, Stefania Schiavone & Luigia Trabace. (2015) Effects of anabolic-androgens on brain reward function. Frontiers in Neuroscience 9.
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Dominic Sagoe, Cecilie Schou Andreassen & Ståle Pallesen. (2014) The aetiology and trajectory of anabolic-androgenic steroid use initiation: a systematic review and synthesis of qualitative research. Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy 9:1.
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Harrison G. PopeJr.Jr., Gen Kanayama, Alison Athey, Erin Ryan, James I. Hudson & Aaron Baggish. (2014) The lifetime prevalence of anabolic-androgenic steroid use and dependence in Americans: Current best estimates. The American Journal on Addictions 23:4, pages 371-377.
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Harrison G. PopeJr.Jr., Ruth I. WoodAlan RogolFred NybergLarry BowersShalender Bhasin. (2014) Adverse Health Consequences of Performance-Enhancing Drugs: An Endocrine Society Scientific Statement. Endocrine Reviews 35:3, pages 341-375.
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Eric J. Ip, Debbie H. Lu, Mitchell J. Barnett, Michael J. Tenerowicz, Justin C. Vo & Paul J. Perry. (2012) Psychological and Physical Impact of Anabolic‐Androgenic Steroid Dependence. Pharmacotherapy: The Journal of Human Pharmacology and Drug Therapy 32:10, pages 910-919.
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Eric J. Ip, Debbie H. Lu, Mitchell J. Barnett, Michael J. Tenerowicz, Justin C. Vo & Paul J. Perry. (2012) Psychological and Physical Impact of Anabolic-Androgenic Steroid Dependence. Pharmacotherapy: The Journal of Human Pharmacology and Drug Therapy, pages n/a-n/a.
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Harrison G. PopeJr.Jr. & Gen Kanayama. 2012. Drug Abuse and Addiction in Medical Illness. Drug Abuse and Addiction in Medical Illness 251 264 .
Tom Hildebrandt, Justine K. Lai, James W. Langenbucher, Melanie Schneider, Rachel Yehuda & Donald W. Pfaff. (2011) The diagnostic dilemma of pathological appearance and performance enhancing drug use. Drug and Alcohol Dependence 114:1, pages 1-11.
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Deirdre A. Conroy & Kirk J. Brower. 2011. Sleep Disorders. Sleep Disorders 587 612 .
Gen Kanayama, James I. Hudson & Harrison G. PopeJr.Jr.. (2010) Illicit anabolic–androgenic steroid use. Hormones and Behavior 58:1, pages 111-121.
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Kirk J. Brower. 2011. Addiction Medicine. Addiction Medicine 533 549 .
Gen Kanayama, Kirk J. Brower, Ruth I. Wood, James I. Hudson & Harrison G. Pope Jr. (2009) Anabolic–androgenic steroid dependence: an emerging disorder. Addiction 104:12, pages 1966-1978.
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R.S. Tan & M.C. Scally. (2009) Anabolic steroid-induced hypogonadism – Towards a unified hypothesis of anabolic steroid action. Medical Hypotheses 72:6, pages 723-728.
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Gen Kanayama, James I. Hudson & Harrison G. PopeJr.Jr.. (2009) Features of men with anabolic-androgenic steroid dependence: A comparison with nondependent AAS users and with AAS nonusers. Drug and Alcohol Dependence 102:1-3, pages 130-137.
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Kurt Skarberg & Ingemar Engstrom. (2007) Troubled social background of male anabolic-androgenic steroid abusers in treatment. Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy 2:1.
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Helen Keane. (2016) Diagnosing the male steroid user: drug use, body image and disordered masculinity. Health: An Interdisciplinary Journal for the Social Study of Health, Illness and Medicine 9:2, pages 189-208.
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Fred Hartgens & Harm Kuipers. (2004) Effects of Androgenic-Anabolic Steroids in Athletes. Sports Medicine 34:8, pages 513-554.
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Kirk J. Brower. (2002) Anabolic steroid abuse and dependence. Current Psychiatry Reports 4:5, pages 377-387.
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