Usefulness of thermography for differentiating Wallenberg’s syndrome from noncentral vertigo in the acute phase

ABSTRACT

Objectives

Wallenberg’s syndrome (WS) is caused by a stroke in the lateral medulla and can present with various symptoms. One of the main symptoms is vertigo, which can be misdiagnosed as noncentral vertigo (NCV). Approximately 90% of the patients with acute WS have a lateral difference in body surface temperature (BST) due to autonomic pathway disturbances from infarction. Additionally, thermography can aid in WS diagnosis; however, whether BST differences occur in patients with acute NCV is unclear.

Methods

This study used thermography to measure the BST of patients with NCV and acute WS to determine the effectiveness of BST to differentiate between the conditions. Forty-eight consecutive patients diagnosed with NCV whose BST was measured using thermography during a hospital visit or admission were enrolled. The left and right BST of four sites (face, trunk, and upper and lower limbs) were measured and compared with obtained BST of nine patients with WS.

Results

Twenty-two patients had lateral differences in BST ≥ 0.5°C, three with ≥1.5°C, and none with ≥2.5°C. Only one patient with NCV had lateral differences in BST at two or more ipsilateral sites. When WS differentiated from NCV, a left–right difference ≥0.5°C in two or more ipsilateral sites had a sensitivity of 89% and specificity of 98%, and ≥1.0°C had a sensitivity of 78% and specificity of 98%.

Discussion

Acute WS can be differentiated from NCV through BST and the number of sites with lateral differences via thermography, even in rooms where conditions are unregulated.

KEYWORDS:

• Wallenberg’s syndrome
• thermography
• vertigo
• body surface temperature
• lateral difference
• acute stage

Acknowledgments

We thank Editage (http://www.editage.com) for the English language editing.

Author contribution

Conceptualization: MT

Formal analysis: MT

Investigation: MT, KN, SI, AS, and KA

Writing-original draft: MT

Writing-review & editing: MT, AS, and AI

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Data availability statement

The original image of the thermal imaging camera cannot be disclosed because it contains personal information such as faces. Body surface temperature data are as described in the paper.

Additional information

Funding

The author(s) reported that there is no funding associated with the work featured in this article.