Cross-Cultural Validation Study of the Japanese Version of the ABILOCO-Kids in Ambulatory Children With Cerebral Palsy Using Rasch Analysis

Abstract

Aims: To determine the structural validity, construct validity, cross-cultural validity, internal consistency and test–retest reliability of the Japanese version of the ABILOCO-Kids in children with cerebral palsy. Methods: One-hundred sixteen parents of children with cerebral palsy (Gross Motor Function Classification System level I [n = 66], II [n = 32], and III [n = 18]) reported on walking ability using the Japanese version of the ABILOCO-Kids. For test–retest reliability, 23 participants were evaluated. Results: The mean ABILOCO-Kids logit score was 2.48 (range –7.44 to 5.83). Rasch analysis and principal component analysis were used to determine the structural validity. The construct validity was confirmed on the basis of differences in the ABILOCO-Kids scores among the Gross Motor Function Classification System levels. Cronbach’s α and the item-to-total correlation coefficient supported the internal consistency. The intra-class correlation coefficient was 0.96, standard error of measurement 0.56 and minimal detectable change 1.55. The cross-cultural validity analyses showed differential item functioning according to the analyses of the invariance of item difficulty and person’s ability estimates. Conclusions: The ABILOCO-Kids is a reliable and valid measure of walking ability in children with cerebral palsy in Japan. The lack of evidence on cross-cultural validity indicates we should interpret results cautiously in cases of international comparison.

Keywords:

• ABILOCO-Kids
• cerebral palsy
• Rasch analysis
• reliability
• validity
• walking ability

Acknowledgements

We are very grateful to Dr. Caty for sharing his knowledge and providing support. We extend our special thanks to all the children and parents who took their time to respond and provide us with much useful information.

Disclosure statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number JP 17K01460.

Notes on contributors

Nobuaki Himuro

Nobuaki Himuro, PhD, PT, is an Assistant Professor, Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan.

Hisato Nishibu

Hisato Nishibu, MSc, PT, Division of Rehabilitation Medicine, Hokkaido Medical Center for Child Health and Rehabilitation, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan.

Hirokazu Abe

Hirokazu Abe, MSc, PT, Department of Health Care and Child Development, Saitama Children's Medical Center, Saitama, Saitama, Japan.

Mitsuru Mori

Mitsuru Mori, PhD, MD, is a President and Professor, Hokkaido Chitose College of Rehabilitation, Chitose, Hokkaido, Japan.