Differences in cervical kinesthesia between amateur athletes with and without a history of contact sport participation

ABSTRACT

Objective: Identify cervical sensorimotor function differences between amateur athletes with and without a history of contact sport participation. A secondary aim of the study was to explore the association between neck reposition error and previously identified injury risk factors.

Design: Cross-sectional.

Participants: 27 amateur campus recreation sport athletes with a history of contact sport participation and 20 amateur campus recreation sport athletes with no history of contact sport.

Main Outcome Measures: Baseline signs and symptoms (S/S) number and severity, Neck Disability Index, total neck reposition error, maximum reposition error, cervical range of motion, and cervical isometric strength were then compared between independent factor groups (contact vs. non-contact).

Results: Amateur sport athletes with a history of contact sport exposure exhibited 25.2% more total neck reposition error and 24.6% more maximum neck reposition error than athletes with no history of contact sport participation. S/S number (r2 = .12, F(2,44) = 6.2, p = .017) and S/S severity (r2 = .14, F(2,44) = 5.6, p = .02) were significantly correlated with total neck reposition error.

Conclusions: Athletes with a history of contact sport participation exhibited greater cervical spine reposition error. The degree to which these sensory position-sense deficits increase risk of injury and long-term quality of life is unknown, but should be explored in future studies.

KEYWORDS:

• subconcussion
• brain injury
• neck reposition error
• neuromuscular deficits

Acknowledgments

We would like to acknowledge the Pennsylvania Athletic Trainers Association for providing support for this project. Additionally, Greg Teodoro for programing the user interface used to collect cervical reposition error.

Declaration of interest

The authors report no conflicts of interest.

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by the Pennsylvannia Athletic Trainers INC [1].