Effects of blueberry anthocyanins on perfluorooctane sulfonate-induced oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in dugesia japonica

Abstract

The effects of blueberry anthocyanins against perfluorooctane sulfonate on antioxidant-related gene expression levels, antioxidase activities, malondialdehyde content, glutathione/oxidized glutathione ratios, mitochondrial metabolic enzyme activities, and mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening rates were examined in the planarian Dugesia japonica. Glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione S-transferase gene expression levels were up-regulated on day 1 and then down-regulated following exposure to 5 mg/L perfluorooctane sulfonate with those of the control. The activities of the three corresponding enzymes were inhibited by perfluorooctane sulfonate and activated by anthocyanins. Malondialdehyde contents and mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening rates as well as the activities of mitochondrial metabolic enzymes, also increased and the glutathione/oxidized glutathione ratio decreased. Anthocyanin treatments have an alleviating effect on the disorder caused by perfluorooctane sulfonate.

Keywords:

• Planarians
• perfluorooctane sulfonate
• anthocyanins
• enzyme activities
• mitochondria

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Additional information

Funding

Research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [41201518], Shandong Province Natural Science Foundation, China [ZR2019MC028, ZR2020MC037].