Risk Factors for Chalazion Diagnosis and Subsequent Surgical Excision

ABSTRACT

Purpose

To identify factors associated with chalazion diagnosis and surgical excision.

Methods

Patients with an incident chalazion diagnosis from 2002 to 2019 were compared 1:5 with matched controls. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify variables associated with diagnosis and surgical excision.

Results

Chalazion patients (n = 134,959) and controls (678,160) were analyzed. Risk factors for diagnosis included female sex, non-white race, northeast location, conditions affecting periocular skin and tear film (blepharitis, meibomian gland dysfunction, rosacea, pterygium), non-ocular inflammatory conditions (gastritis, inflammatory bowel disease, sarcoidosis, seborrheic dermatitis, Graves’ disease), and smoking (p < .001 for all comparisons). Thirteen percent of patients with chalazion underwent subsequent surgical excision. Diabetes and systemic sclerosis diagnoses decreased odds of diagnosis (p < .001). Male sex, rosacea diagnosis, Black and Hispanic race, antibiotic use, and doxycycline use increased odds of surgery (p < .001).

Conclusion

Female sex, non-white race, conditions affecting periocular skin and the tear film, several non-ocular inflammatory conditions, and smoking were risk factors for chalazion diagnosis. Male sex, rosacea diagnosis, Black and Hispanic race, antibiotic use, and doxycycline use were risk factors for surgical intervention for chalazion. Our results prompt further study of these variables and their relationship to chalazion diagnosis to understand physiology and improve clinical outcomes. Furthermore, the results of this study suggest early recognition and treatment of concomitant rosacea may serve an important role in the management of chalazion and in the prevention of surgical intervention.

KEYWORDS:

• Chalazion
• blepharitis
• rosacea
• surgical risk factors
• oculoplastics

Disclosure statement

Brian L. VanderBeek MD, MPH, MSCE – EyePoint Pharmaceutical (consult).

None of the following authors have any proprietary interests or conflicts of interest related to this submission: Diana H. Kim MD, César A. Briceño MD, Brendan McGeehan MS.

This paper has not been published anywhere previously, and it is not simultaneously being considered for any other publication.

Additional information

Funding

The author(s) reported that there is no funding associated with the work featured in this article.