Effect of dietary n-6: n-3 Poly-Unsaturated fatty acids ratio on gestational diabetes mellitus: a prospective cohort

Abstract

Objective

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between dietary n-6: n-3 poly-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) ratio and the risk of developing gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).

Materials and methods

A total of 100 pregnant women were prospectively included for detailed information on dietary intake at 16-18 weeks evaluated using a three-day food record, and subsequent GDM diagnosis at 24-28 weeks. Participants were divided into two groups for analysis: GDM group (n = 22) and control group (n = 78) based on oral glucose tolerance test results performed between 24 and 28 weeks.

Results

The average dietary n-6: n-3 PUFA ratio in the control group was 5.63 ± 2.12 and that in the GDM group was 8.35 ± 3.45, within a significant difference (p < .05). A significant difference was associated with a higher dietary n-6: n-3 PUFA ratio and GDM (adjusted odds ratio = 4.29, 95%confidence interval:1.303, 14.124).

Conclusions

Higher dietary n-6: n-3 PUFA ratio was associated with higher odds of GDM. Given the small sample, further studies are required to confirm this hypothesis.

摘要

目的：本研究的目的是调查膳食 n-6:n-3 多不饱和脂肪酸 (PUFA) 比例与发生妊娠糖尿病 (GDM) 风险之间的关系。

材料和方法：前瞻性纳入了 100 名孕妇, 以获取有关 16-18 周饮食摄入的详细信息, 使用为期三天的食物记录进行评估, 随后在 24-28 周进行 GDM 诊断。根据 24 至 28 周进行的口服葡萄糖耐量试验结果, 将参与者分为两组进行分析：GDM 组（n = 22）和对照组（n = 78）。

结果：对照组的平均膳食n-6：n-3 PUFA比率为5.63 ± 2.12, GDM组为8.35 ± 3.45, 差异有显着性（p<.05）。显着差异与较高的膳食 n-6：n-3 PUFA 比率和 GDM 相关（调整优势比 ¼ 4.29, 95% 置信区间：1.303, 14.124）。

结论：较高的膳食 n-6：n-3 多不饱和脂肪酸比率与较高的 GDM 几率相关。鉴于样本量小, 需要进一步的研究来证实这一假设。

Keywords:

• Gestational diabetes mellitus
• maternal diet
• pregnancy
• n-3 fatty acids
• poly-unsaturated fatty acids

关键词:

• 妊娠糖尿病
• 产妇饮食
• 怀孕
• n-3 脂肪酸
• 多不饱和脂肪酸

Acknowledgement

The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. The authors thank all of the caregivers and investigators who took part in this study. The authors gratefully acknowledge the participating pregnant women. The authors also thank the staff of Obstetric clinic of the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University for their considerable assistance with many aspects of this study. The authors are sincerely grateful to tutors, classmates and family.

Disclosure statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Additional information

Funding

This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [grant no. 81671471], the Major Foundation of Social Science and Humanity, Anhui Provincial Department of Education [grant no.SK2021ZD0030] and the Key Cultivation Program of School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University [grant no.hlpy2021004].