Xanthohumol reduces inflammation and cell metabolism in HT29 primary colon cancer cells

Abstract

Xanthohumol (XN) is a prenylated flavonoid known for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects and has been studied as an anti-cancer agent. In this study, we aimed at analysing the effect of XN on a primary colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line, HT29, on cell viability, inflammatory and antioxidant gene expression, and metabolism. For this purpose, cells were treated with 10 nM and 10 µM XN, and cell viability, H₂O₂ production, lipid peroxidation and gene expression of inflammatory, antioxidant, and mitochondrial-related genes, as well as protein levels of metabolic enzymes, were determined. Results showed no significant effects on cell viability and a general decrease in pro-inflammatory, antioxidant and mitochondrial biogenesis gene expression with the lower concentration of XN. Furthermore, glucose and oxidative metabolism enzymes were also reduced. These results suggest that XN treatment, at low doses, could stop the proliferation and progression of HT29 cells by downregulating inflammatory signals and cell metabolism.

Keywords:

• Colon cancer
• inflammation
• xanthohumol
• oxidative metabolism

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by the Centro de Información Cerveza y Salud (Madrid, Spain) under grant awarded the Manuel de la Oya: Beer, Health and Nutrition, and MT-M by the Postdoctoral Program Margalida Comas from the Comunidad Autónoma de las Islas Baleares under grant number PD/050/2020.