Directives of the OGPU’s Semipalatinsk Operational Sector as a Source for Studies of the Armed Uprisings of Kazakhs during Collectivization

Abstract

The article analyzes OGPU materials to provide insight into the causes, nature and driving forces of the massive uprisings in Kazakhstan during the period 1929-1931.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Notes

1. Joint Central Political Directorate, special service of the Soviet Union.

^2. “I bol’, i skorb’ naroda,” in M.K. Kozybaev, Kazakhstan na rubezhe vekov: razmyshleniia i poisku. V dvukh knigakh, kniga vtoraia (Almaty: Gylym, 2000), p. 195.

^3. “Zakliuchenie Komissii Prezidiuma Verkhovnogo Soveta Respubliki Kazakhstan,” in Nasil’stvennaia kollektivizatsiia i golod v Kazakhstane v 1931-1933 gg. Sbornik dokumentov i materialov (Almaty: Fond “XXI vek”, 1998), p. 17.

^4. Ibid., pp. 8–9.

^5. Ibid., p. 8.

^6. Ibid., p. 17.

^7. “Kollektivizatsiia v Kazakhstane: tragediia krest’ianstva,” in M.K. Kozybaev, Kazakhstan na rubezhe vekov: razmyshleniia i poisku. kniga vtoraia, p. 113.

^8. “Kollektivizatsiia v Kazakhstane,” p. 112.

^9. See “Protokol zasedaniia komissii Kazraikoma VKP (b) po podgotovke meropriiatii po likvidatsii kulachestva kak klassa,” in Nasil’stvennaia kollektivizatsiia i golod v Kazakhstane v 1931-1933. Sbornik dokumentov i materialov (Almaty: Fond “XXI vek”, 1998), pp. 59–62.

^10. T.K. Allaniiazov and A.S. Taukenov, Poslednii rubezh zashchitnikov nomadizma. Istoriia vooruzhennykh vystuplenii i povstrancheskikh dvizhenii v Kazakhstane (1929-1931 gg.) (OO <<Ost - XXI vek>>, 2009), p. 169.

^11. “Zakliuchenie Komissii Prezidiuma Verkhovnogo Soveta Respubliki Kazakhstan,” in Nasil’stvennaia kollektivizatsiia i golod v Kazakhstane v 1931-1933 gg. Sbornik dokumentov i materialov (Almaty: Fond “XXI vek”, 1998), p. 14.

^12. Plenipotentiary representation.

^13. Archive of the Zhezkazgan UVD. F.1. D.8737. T.2. L.L.675, 723–7, 729, 730, 731, 736 and others.

^14. Ibid., L.677.

^15. Ibid., L.L.677–9. These directives were published by T.K. Allaniiazov in Istoricheskii arkhiv, 2003, no. 3. pp. 137–54.

^16. Ibid., L.L.682–3.

^17. Heads of the OGPU departments in the Kainarskii and Abralinskii raions.

^18. Archive of the Zhezkazgan UVD. F.1. D.8737. T.2. L.L.680–1.

^19. Ibid., L.L.684–6.

^20. Chubartauskii GPU.

^21. Kyzyl-Kesekskii GPU.

^22. Aiaguzskii GPU.

^23. Kzyltauskii GPU.

^24. Archive of the Zhezkazgan UVD. F.1. D.8737. T.2. L.L.687–8.

^25. Arkatskii GPU.

^26. Kokpektinskii GPU.

^27. Zharminskii GPU.

^28. Shetskii GPU.

^29. Bishkaragaiskii GPU.

^30. Archive of the Zhezkazgan UVD. F.1. D.8737. T.2. L.689.

^31. Ibid., L.690.

^32. Ibid., L.691.

^33. Ibid., L.692.

^34. Ibid., L.693.

^35. Ibid., L.L.701–3.

^36. Ibid., L.L. 704–5. It is not possible to determine the exact date because the document is poorly preserved.

^37. Temporarily performing duties.

^38. Special department.

^39. Secret political department.

^40. Archive of the Zhezkazgan UVD. F.1. D.8737. T.2. L.L.696–7.

^41. Ibid., L.L. 698–700.

^42. Kounradskii GPU.

^43. Archive of the Zhezkazgan UVD. F.1. D.8737. T.2. L.L.694–5.

^44. Archive of the Zhezkazgan UVD. F.1. D.8737. T.1. L.4.

^45. Archive of the Zhezkazgan UVD. F.1. D.8737. T.2. L.704.

^46. Ibid.

^47. Ibid., L.705.

^48. Archive of the Zhezkazgan UVD. F.1. D.8737. T.2. L.702.

^49. Ibid., L.701.

^50. Ibid., L.682.

^51. Ibid., L.708.

^52. Ibid., L.680.

^53. Ibid., L.685.

^54. Ibid., L.690.

^55. Ibid.

^56. Ibid., L.693.

^57. Ibid.

^58. Ibid., L.L.684–5.

^59. Ibid., L.685.

^60. Ibid.

^61. Ibid.

^62. Ibid.

^63. Ibid.

^64. Ibid., L.684.

^65. Ibid., L.693.

^66. Ibid.

^67. Ibid.

^68. Ibid., L.694.

^69. Ibid.

^70. Head of the operational district and all raions of the former Karkaralinsk okrug and Bayan-aul.

^71. Archive of the Zhezkazgan UVD. F.1. D.8737. T.2. L.698.

^72. Ibid., L.687–8.

^73. Ibid., L.700.

^74. Ibid., L.701.

^75. Ibid., L.698.

^76. Ibid., L.687.

^77. Ibid., L.688.

^78. Ibid.

^79. Ibid., L.701.

^80. Ibid., L.702.

^81. Ibid., L.701.

^82. Ibid.

^83. Ibid.

^84. Ibid.

^85. Ibid.

^86. Ibid.

^87. Ibid.

^88. Ibid. L.702.

^89. Ibid.

^90. Ibid.

^91. Ibid.

^92. Ibid.

^93. Ibid., L.L.702–3.

^94. Ibid., L.692.

^95. Ibid.

^96. Ibid.

^97. Ibid.

^98. Ibid., L.690.

^99. Ibid., L.691.

^100. Ibid.

^101. Ibid.