A cross talk on the role of contemporary biomarkers in depression

Abstract

Introduction: Biomarkers can be used to identify determinants of response to various treatments of mental disorders. Evidence to date demonstrates that markers of inflammatory, neurotransmitter, neurotrophic, neuroendocrine, and metabolic function can predict the psychological and physical consequences of depression in individuals, allowing for the development of new therapeutic targets with fewer side effects. Extensive research has included hundreds of potential biomarkers of depression, but their roles in depression, abnormal patients, and how bioinformatics can be used to improve diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis have not been determined or defined. To determine which biomarkers can and cannot be used to predict treatment response, classify patients for specific treatments, and develop targets for new interventions, proprietary strategies, and current research projects need to be tailored.

Material and Methods: This review article focuses on - biomarker systems that would help in the further development and expansion of newer targets - which holds great promise for reducing the burden of depression.

Results and Discussion: Further, this review point to the inflammatory response, metabolic marker, and microribonucleic acids, long non-coding RNAs, HPA axis which are - related to depression and can serve as future targets.

Graphical Abstract

Keywords:

• Depression
• biomarkers
• NMDA receptor
• cytokines
• enzymes
• transporters

Authors’ contributions

Ms. Aditi Vyas and Dr. Gaurav Doshi contributed in the form of conceptualization and drafting of the manuscript. Dr. Gaurav Doshi contributed in the form of redefining conceptualization and finalizing the manuscript draft written by Ms. Aditi Vyas. All the authors reviewed the manuscript.

Disclosure statement

The authors report there are no competing interests to declare.

Data availability statement

No data availability is applicable since its review article.

Figure 1. NMDA receptor and is regulation by ketamine in depression.

Additional information

Funding

This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.