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Modern Rheumatology Volume 31, 2021 - Issue 5
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Review Articles

The immune dysregulations in COVID-19: Implications for the management of rheumatic diseases

Fan Xiaoa Department of Pathology and Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong and Chongqing International Institute for Immunology, Hong Kong, ChinaView further author information
,
Man Hanb Division of Rheumatology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, ChinaView further author information
,
Xiaoxia Zhuc Department of Rheumatology, Huashan Hospital and Fudan University, Shanghai, ChinaView further author information
,
Yuan Tanga Department of Pathology and Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong and Chongqing International Institute for Immunology, Hong Kong, ChinaView further author information
,
Enyu Huanga Department of Pathology and Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong and Chongqing International Institute for Immunology, Hong Kong, ChinaView further author information
,
Hejian Zouc Department of Rheumatology, Huashan Hospital and Fudan University, Shanghai, ChinaView further author information
,
Quan Jiangb Division of Rheumatology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, ChinaCorrespondence[email protected]
View further author information
&
Liwei Lua Department of Pathology and Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong and Chongqing International Institute for Immunology, Hong Kong, ChinaCorrespondence[email protected]
View further author information
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Pages 927-932 | Received 17 Sep 2020, Accepted 17 Dec 2020, Published online: 26 Jan 2021
 
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Abstract

The pandemic of COVID-19 has caused global social impact and high health risk. Clinical observations have suggested that elevated levels of inflammatory mediators are associated with disease severities in COVID-19 patients, in which the immunological profiles indicate the hyperactivation of innate immune cells and dysregulated adaptive immune responses. The increasing prevalence and disease progression of COVID-19 has emerged as a pressing challenge for the management of rheumatic patients with immune dysregulations. Here we review the immune dysregulations in COVID-19 and discuss the management of COVID-19 patients with rheumatic diseases.

Conflict of interest

None.

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China [No. 91842304, 81771761 and 82004171], Chongqing International Institute for Immunology [2020YJC10] and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Public Welfare Research Institutes [ZZ13-YQ-033].

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