https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9381-5254
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ABSTRACT
In this communication, a hybrid CPC-PVT-TEG collector integrated with the VAR system has been analyzed, taking into consideration 3 different types of PV modules based on their back cover material, namely Tedlar (Case 1), Aluminium (Case 2) and semi-transparent (glass to glass) (Case 3). The simulation of the whole system, including the hybrid collector and VARS, has been done for a clear day in May in New Delhi using MATLAB 2021b. A comparative study has been conducted between the three cases and based on the results obtained from the analysis, the overall exergy (EEX), overall exergy efficiency (ηEX), daily electrical energy and overall exergy attained their highest values for Case 2 [Aluminum based] with their values being 289.33 Wh, 28.92%, 2.37 kWh and 2.55 kWh, respectively. The coefficient of performance (COP), which is a measure of the refrigeration effect of the VAR system, attained its highest value for Case 3 [glass to glass based] at 1.28 and lowest value for Case 1 [Tedlar based] at 0.28. Also, from a purely overall exergy aspect, the aluminum-based hybrid CPC-PVT-TEG collector integrated with the VAR system (Case 2) is found to be the most suitable with exergy and exergy efficiency values and from the refrigeration as well as from a thermal exergy aspect, the semitransparent-based or glass to glass-based hybrid CPC-PVT-TEG collector integrated with a VAR system (Case 3) is found to be the most suitable.
Abbreviations
| CPC | = | Compound parabolic concentrator |
| PVT | = | Photovoltaic thermal |
| TEG | = | Thermoelectric generator |
| VARS | = | Vapour absorption refrigeration system |
| COP | = | Coefficient of performance |
| HRR | = | Heat Rejection ratio |
| EVA | = | Ethyl vinyl acetate |
| ST | = | Semi transparent |
Nomenclature
| AAM | = | CPC aperture area (m2) |
| An | = | n leg area (m2) |
| Ap | = | p leg area (m2) |
| ARM | = | Receiver module area (m2) |
| ATEG | = | TEG area (m2) |
| b | = | Receiver breadth (m) |
| bo | = | Aperture area breadth (m) |
| C | = | Concentration Ratio |
| cF | = | Fluid (water) specific heat (J/kg K) |
| dx | = | Elemental length (m) |
| hi | = | Heat transfer coefficient from insulator to ambient (W/m2K) |
| ho | = | Convective and radiative heat transfer coefficient from PV top glass to ambient (W/m2K) |
| htf | = | Heat transfer coefficient from TEG to fluid (W/m2K) |
| F’ | = | Collector efficiency factor |
| ITEG | = | TEG current (A) |
| I(t), IU | = | Useful solar radiation intensity (W/m2) |
| K | = | Thermal conductivity (W/mk) |
| L | = | Thickness |
| mF | = | Mass flow rate (kg/s) |
| N | = | Number of p-n thermocouples |
| QH | = | Heat absorption rate of TEG (Wh) |
| QC | = | Heat rejection rate of TEG (Wh) |
| r | = | Reflectivity of CPC |
| R | = | Resistance (Ohm) |
| s | = | Seebeck coefficient (V/K) |
| Ta | = | Ambient temperature (K) |
| TC | = | TEG cold end temperature (K) |
| TH | = | TEG hot end temperature (K) |
| TF | = | Fluid temperature (K) |
| TFO | = | Outlet fluid temperature (K) |
| TO | = | Reference temperature (K) |
| UB | = | Overall heat transfer coefficient from insulator to ambient (W/m2K) |
| UBH | = | Overall heat transfer coefficient from PV module to TEG hot end (W/m2K) |
| UC | = | Overall heat transfer coefficient from TEG cold end to fluid (W/m2K) |
| UTA | = | Overall heat transfer coefficient from PV module to ambient (W/m2K) |
| v | = | Wind velocity (m/s) |
| βo | = | Solar cell temperature coefficient (K−1) |
| ηo | = | Solar cell efficiency at STC |
| ∆T | = | Temperature difference (K) |
| Subscripts | = | |
| Al | = | Aluminium |
| SC | = | Solar cell |
| H, C | = | Hot and cold end of TEG |
| TEG | = | Thermoelectric generator |
| TA | = | Top of PV module to ambient |
| n, p | = | n and p-type semiconductor |
| BH, T | = | Tedlar to hot end of TEG |
| BH, Al | = | Aluminium to hot end of TEG |
| BH, ST | = | Glass to hot end of TEG |
| HC | = | Hybrid collector |
| G | = | Glass |
| T | = | Tedlar |
| CER | = | Ceramic |
| Cu | = | Copper |
| EVA | = | Ethyl Vinyl Acetate |
| PV | = | PV module |
| ST | = | Semi-transparent |
| Greek Letters | = | |
| α | = | Absorptivity |
| τ | = | Transmittivity |
| μ | = | Thomson coefficient |
| η | = | Efficiency |
| ρ | = | Resistivity |
| μ | = | Thomson coefficient |
| β | = | Packing factor |
| ∆ | = | Difference |
Disclosure statement
No known competing financial interests or personal relationships.
Additional information
Funding
Notes on contributors
Abhishek Tiwari
Abhishek Tiwari is a Ph.D. scholar in the field of Solar Photovoltaic Thermal (SPV/T), Thermoelectric, and its applications at the University School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, New Delhi, India. He did his M. Tech and B. Tech from USIC&T, GGSIPU, and NSUT East Delhi campus respectively in the field of Electronics and Communication. He has published research papers in international journals of repute and has also published conference papers at international conferences. He has also attended several workshops and faculty development programmes in the field of SPV/T and thermoelectrics at prestigious research labs and academic institutions.
Shruti Aggarwal
Shruti Aggarwal holds the coveted position of Professor at University School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, New Delhi, India. She has a vast experience of 23 years in teaching and conducting research activities. She did her UG and PG in Physics from Delhi University and completed her Ph.D. from IIT Delhi. She completed her PostDoc from NREL, Colorado, USA. She has published several research papers in international journals of repute in the field of Solar Photovoltaic Thermal (SPVT), Hybrid SPV and thermoelectric systems, silver nanowires based transparent contacts, (experimental and theoretical investigations), perovskite materials, dye sensitized solar cells, Dosimetry and Crystal growth. She has attended 20 international conferences, 8 national conferences and has published papers in conference proceedings. Under her guidance, more than 20 PG level students have conducted their research. She has supervised the thesis of 3 Doctoral level scholars and 1 Post Doctoral level scholar. She is currently supervising the research activity of 2 Doctoral level scholars and has completed 11 research projects successfully.
Sourabh Anand
Sourabh Anand is a Ph.D. scholar in the field of Mechanical and Automation at the University School of Information, Communication, and Technology, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, New Delhi, India. He is currently pursuing his research in the field of Additive Manufacturing and Robotics. He holds a Master's degree in Robotics and Automation and has completed his Bachelors in Mechanical and Automation from Northern India Engineering College, New Delhi, India. He has a strong foundation in the field of mechanical engineering and its applications, especially in refrigeration and air conditioning. He also did his industrial internship in robotics and automation at Difacto Robotics and Automation, Bengaluru, India.