Mission grass bio-waste functional carbon self-single-doped for ultrahigh energy symmetrical supercapacitor

ABSTRACT

Several studies have been performed on biomass as an extraordinary natural carbon resource for functional electrode with combined pore structure, self-doping, and nanopores morphology significantly boosted supercapacitor performance. Therefore, this study utilized mission-grass bio-waste as a porous carbon source self-single-doped as electrode material capable of increasing the energy density of supercapacitor. Porous carbon was obtained through the chemical impregnation synthesis route of ZnCl₂ and physical activation at temperatures 800, 850, and 900°C. The precursor materials were designed solid shape-like without adding synthetic materials. The optimized mission-grass-based porous carbon (MGPCs) illustrates the diverse pore structure, and wettability properties of the oxygen (O) internal doped. With supercapacitor symmetrical system, the MGPCs electrode showed the highest electrochemical properties at capacitive behavior as high as 208 F g⁻¹ in 1 A g⁻¹ with H₂SO₄ electrolyte. Furthermore, the energy density of the electrodes was increased by 28.31 Wh kg⁻¹ with good electrical conductivity at internal resistance at 0.139Ω. The high electrochemical performance of the MGPCs electrodes proved that the insertion of mission grass biomass into porous carbon converted through an environmentally benign strategy obtained high-quality electrode material to boost the energy density of the supercapacitor.

KEYWORDS:

• Porous carbon
• biomass
• electrode materials
• symmetrical supercapacitor

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s)

Additional information

Funding

The work was supported by the collaborative grants between universities, State Islamic University of Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau 2022 [873/Un.04/L. 1/TL.01/03/2022].

Notes on contributors

Rika Taslim

Rika Taslim is a lecturer at the Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, State Islamic University of Sultan Syarif Kasim, Pekanbaru, Indonesia. Apart from being a lecturer, she is also active in research. Her research focuses on the technology of electrochemical energy storage.

Farhan Dio Pahlevi

Farhan Dio Pahlevi is a under graduate student from the Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, State Islamic University of Sultan Syarif Kasim, Pekanbaru, Indonesia.

Muhammad Ihsan Hamdy

Muhammad Ihsan Hamdy is a lecturer at the Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, State Islamic University of Sultan Syarif Kasim, Pekanbaru, Indonesia.

Apriwandi Apriwandi

Apriwandi Apriwandi is a master's degree student from the University of Riau, Indonesia. In addition, he is active as a researcher assistant at the Material Physics and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Riau, Indonesia.

Erman Taer

Erman Taer is a lecturer and professor in the Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Riau, Indonesia. In addition, he also serves as coordinator of the Material Physics and Nanotechnology Laboratory at the University of Riau. Apart from being a lecturer, he is also active in research. His research focuses on the technology of electrochemical energy storage, especially supercapacitor.