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ABSTRACT
Energy consumption of solar greenhouse depends on the thermal insulation performance and thermal storage capacity of thermal storage wall. To find the best composition scheme for heat storage wall of greenhouse in severe cold region (1A: Hailar, 1B: Anda, 1C: Shenyang), the paper uses a typical Northeast Chinese solar greenhouse as an illustration and forms 14 schemes by setting expanded polystyrene (EPS) insulation boards and phase change materials (PCMs) at different positions of the thermal storage wall, of which PCM materials have six phase change temperatures. Energy consumption, wall heat storage performance, and room temperature of these schemes are analyzed by using EnergyPlus. Energy consumption, heat storage capacity, room temperature regulation, payback period, and carbon emissions were used to compare the heat storage wall schemes. The results show that Case Ⅵ (16°C) in Hailar is the optimal scheme, its energy consumption is 46,862.886 kWh, and the added value of the payback period is 1.87 years, the second is Case a and Case e (26°C) is the worst. Case VI (16°C) in Anda is the optimal scheme, its energy consumption is 65,599.749 kWh, and the added value of the payback period is 1.59 years, the second is Case a, and Case e (26°C) is the worst. Case Ⅶ (16°C) in Shenyang is the optimal scheme, its energy consumption is 26,109780kWh, and the added value of the payback period is 1.77 years, the second is Case a, and Case f (24°C) is the worst. The reason for the difference in optimal schemes is that the outdoor temperature of Hailar and Anda is low in winter, and PCM can hardly change phase in winter, but only plays the role of heat preservation. The temperature in Shenyang is relatively high in winter, and PCM is more likely to change phase, so the closer PCM is to the room, the lower the energy consumption of the greenhouse. The research results of this paper can provide a theoretical basis for the energy-saving design of solar greenhouse.
Nomenclature
| C | = | Specific heat [J/(kg·K)] |
| SC | = | Annual energy-saving benefit (CNY) |
| Se | = | Labor cost (CNY) |
| Sl | = | Material cost of initial investment of the project (CNY) |
| ST | = | Total input cost of the initial renovation (CNY) |
| η | = | the carbon dioxide emission factor (tCO2/tce) |
| CNY | = | China yuan |
| Y | = | Payback period (years) |
| PCM | = | Phase change materials |
| Q | = | Annual heating energy consumption (kWh) |
| Qs | = | Energy consumption saved every year after scheme optimization (kWh) |
| TO | = | Carbon emission of the original greenhouse |
| λ | = | Thermal conductivity [W/(m·K)] |
| ρ | = | Material density (kg/m3) |
| ∆T | = | Annual carbon dioxide emission reduction(kg) |
| TR | = | Carbon emission after changing the structure of heat storage wall (kg) |
| EPS | = | Expanded polystyrene |
| T | = | Carbon emission (kg) |
| α | = | Price of electricity (CNY/kWh) |
| APVW-L | = | active passive ventilation wall |
| E-W | = | east-west orientation |
| N-S | = | north-south orientation |
Acknowledgements
Financial support was provided by the Heilongjiang Province Key Research and Development Program Guidance Project of China (Grant No. GZ20220028), Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University Support Program for San Heng San Zong of China (Grant No. ZRCPY202225), Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University Project of Scientific Research Initiation Plan for Learning and Introducing Talents of China (Grant No. XYB2014-06) and Daqing Science and Technology Plan Project of China (Grant No. zd-2021-86).
Disclosure statement
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).
Additional information
Funding
Notes on contributors
Weidong Sun
Weidong Sun, Senior Engineer in PipeChina (Xuzhou) Pipeline Inspection Co.,Ltd., SINOPEC, China. His research fields of interest are Heat Transfer and Thermal Energy Storage.
Gongliang Liu
Gongliang Liu, Associate Professor in College of Civil Engineering and Water Conservancy, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, China. His research fields are Building Energy Saving Technology.
Wei Jiang
Wei Jiang, Associate Professor in College of Civil Engineering and Water Conservancy, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, China. His research fields of interest are Building Energy Saving and New Energy Utilization.
Lingyong Ma
Lingyong Ma, Professor in School of Architecture and Civil Engineering of Northeast Petroleum, China. His research fields of interest are Building Energy Saving and Insulation Materials.
Yang Jin
Yang Jin, is a Master student of College of Civil Engineering and Water Conservancy, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, China. His research fields of interest are Thermal Engineering and Building Energy Saving.
Wei Guo
Wei Guo, Lecturer in College of Civil Engineering and Water Conservancy, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, China. His research fields of interest are Greenhouse Building Energy Saving.
Qing Li
Qing Li, Associate Professor in School of Architecture and Civil Engineering of Northeast Petroleum, China. His research fields of interest are Building Energy Saving and Insulation Materials.