https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6978-9044
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ABSTRACT
The utilization of alternative fuels in internal combustion engines has gained significant attention due to concerns about energy security and environmental sustainability. Waste tire pyrolysis oil (WTPO) is a potential alternative fuel that can be produced from waste vehicle tires through a pyrolysis process. In this study, the possible use of WTPO in a diesel engine operating under Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition (RCCI) mode was investigated. In the study, the use of WTPO as a low-reactivity fuel in RCCI engines is examined, highlighting the importance of innovative approaches to alternative fuels with varying reactivity levels for effective combustion control and emission reduction. In the experimental work, WTPO was tested at different energy rates of 15%, 30%, and 45% into the intake port using the PFI system, while conventional diesel fuel was injected directly into the cylinder by the CRDI system. The tests were carried out under different engine load conditions while maintaining a constant engine speed of 2400 rpm. The performance, combustion, and emission characteristics of the engine were analyzed and compared between WTPO and conventional gasoline fuel as LRF. The study results show that using WTPO in RCCI operation with sustainable ringing intensity leads to significant increases in Brake Thermal Efficiency (BTE) compared to gasoline usage, with BTE increments of up to 5%, 3.3%, and 6.3% observed with increasing engine load. Furthermore, WTPO usage in RCCI engines effectively reduced hydrocarbon (HC) emissions, addressing a significant issue, and maintaining the known benefits of reactivity-controlled combustion. These findings suggest that WTPO can be utilized as a viable low-reactivity fuel in RCCI engines with acceptable performance, combustion, and emission characteristics.
Abbreviations
| aTDC | = | afterTop Dead Center |
| bTDC | = | before Top Dead Center |
| BTE | = | Brake Thermal Efficiency |
| °CA | = | Crank Angle Degree |
| CD | = | Combustion Duration |
| CDM | = | Conventional Diesel Mode |
| CRDI | = | Common-Rail Direct Injection |
| CO | = | Carbon Monoxide |
| HC | = | Hydrocarbon |
| HRF | = | High-Reactivity Fuel |
| HRR | = | Heat Release Rate |
| ID | = | Ignition Delay |
| LHV | = | Lower Heating Value |
| LRF | = | Low-Reactivity Fuel |
| NOx | = | Nitrogen Oxides |
| PFI | = | Port Fuel Injection |
| PM | = | Particulate Matter |
| ppm | = | Parts Per Million |
| RCCI | = | Reactivity-Controlled Compression Ignition |
| RI | = | Ringing Intensity |
| Rp | = | Premixed Ratio |
| rpm | = | Revolutions Per Minute |
| WTPO | = | Waste Tire Pyrolysis Oil |
Acknowledgements
The authors express their appreciation to the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) for their invaluable financial assistance, under project number 118M650.
Disclosure statement
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.