https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0044-706X
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ABSTRACT
The study aims to investigate the effect of nanofluids on heat transfer through experimentation. To prepare the nanofluids, water, commonly used in radiator cooling systems, served as the base liquid. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and silicon dioxide (SiO2) nanoparticles were added at weight concentrations of 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, and 0.4%, with two different flow rates tested. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) surfactant was used to prevent the nanoparticles from agglomerating. After visually observing the hybrid nanocoolant, it was found that SDS as a surfactant prevented sedimentation and maintained stability for two weeks. Furthermore, STEM imaging demonstrated that spherical SiO2 particles evenly distributed throughout the tube-shaped CNTs improved the fluid’s thermophysical properties regarding heat transfer. Heat transfer improvements were assessed with water experiments. The findings indicate that greater nanoparticle weight concentration promotes heat transfer. The most significant improvement in thermal conductance (UxA) was recorded as 28% in the case of 0.4 wt.% MWCNT water-based nanofluid at 0.034 kg/s flow rate as against water. The economical performance of a nanoparticle-containing cooling system was gauged for a natural gas-powered engine.
Nomenclature
| A | = | Cross-sectional area |
| cp | = | Specific heat |
| F | = | Correction factor |
| IRR | = | Internal Rate of Return |
| LMTD | = | Logarithmic mean temperature difference |
| MWCNT | = | Multiwalled carbon nanotube |
| MSE | = | Mean square error |
| NF | = | Nanofluid |
| NPV | = | Net Present Value |
| PB | = | Payback Period |
| PWM | = | Pulse Width Modulation |
| Q | = | Heat transfer rate |
| SDS | = | Sodium dodecyl sulphate |
| = | Mass flow rate | |
| wt. | = | Weight |
| R | = | Ratio of temperature range of air |
| S | = | Heat capacity ratio |
| SEM | = | Scanning electron microscope |
| STEM | = | Scanning transmission electron microscope |
| T | = | Temperature |
| U | = | Heat transfer coefficient |
| Subscripts | = | |
| a | = | air |
| c | = | coolant |
| i | = | inlet |
| o | = | outlet |
Acknowledgements
SEM analyses were performed using instruments and facilities at IMU. The technical equipment support of the Teksan Generator and Erin Motor is also gratefully acknowledged.
Disclosure statement
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).
Additional information
Notes on contributors
Tugba Tetik
Tugba Tetik holds a Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering from Istanbul Technical University, Turkiye. Currently, she works as a research assistant in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at Istanbul Medeniyet University.
Mustafa Armagan
Mustafa Armagan holds a Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering from Kocaeli University, Turkiye. He is currently working as an Assistant Professor in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at Istanbul Medeniyet University.
Emir Kasım Demir
Emir Kasım Demir is a Ph.D. candidate in Istanbul Medeniyet University, Turkiye. He is currently working as a specialist in Istanbul Medeniyet University, Turkiye.
Altay Arbak
Altay Arbak holds a Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering from Istanbul Technical University, Turkiye. Currently, she works as a research assistant in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at Istanbul Medeniyet University.
A. Emre Teksan
A. Emre Teksan holds a Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering from Ege University, Turkiye. He is a board member in an energy company, responsible for R&D. Saban Pusat is an Associated Professor of Mechanical Engineering in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at Yıldız Technical University. His research interests are renewable energy, thermodynamics etc.
Yasin Karagoz
Yasin Karagoz is currently working as an Associated Professor in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at Istanbul Medeniyet University. His interests are automotive, energy, combustion and cooling systems etc.