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World Leisure Journal Volume 65, 2023 - Issue 4
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Articles

Analysis of university students’ perceived freedom in leisure during covid-19 lockdowns

Ehsan Mohamadi Turkmania Department of Sport Management, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranCorrespondence[email protected]
ORCID Iconhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4685-1532View further author information
ORCID Icon,
Katarzyna Dziobanb Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Faculty of Tourism and Recreation, Warsaw, PolandORCID Iconhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4130-3361View further author information
ORCID Icon,
Sara Almasizadehc PhD in educational management, Faculty of Management and Accounting, Farabi School of Tehran University, Qom, IranORCID Iconhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4635-6235View further author information
ORCID Icon,
Sepideh Hoseinkhanid MA of sport management, Department of Sport Management, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranORCID Iconhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7064-2349View further author information
ORCID Icon &
Nafise Kheyrid MA of sport management, Department of Sport Management, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranORCID Iconhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2191-9812View further author information
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Pages 585-604 | Received 06 Nov 2022, Accepted 07 May 2023, Published online: 14 May 2023
 
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ABSTRACT

Before COVID-19, perceived freedom in leisure (PFL) was rarely considered based on academic majors. This study examined student PFL during COVID-19 lockdowns. 340 Iranian students studying physical education, non-physical education, and medical sciences took an online Witt and Ellis (Citation1985) scale survey in July and August 2021. The one-sample t-test showed that students' PFL (M = 3.78) exceeded the hypothesized value (test value = 3). ANOVA showed a significant difference in PFL means between the three groups (F = 7.530, P < 0.01). Medical sciences students had the lowest PFL (3.45), and physical education students had the highest (3.86). Iranian students' high PFL likely indicates they don't have lessons or schoolwork, giving them a sense of freedom even during pandemics.

Acknowledgment

The authors appreciate everyone’s time and wisdom who took part in this study.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Additional information

Funding

There was no dedicated financing for this study from any government, corporate, or nonprofit sources.

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