https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3554-7598
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ABSTRACT
This article’s thesis expands archival thought and practice to include the built environment, by exploring archival and other theory and practice and illustrating the premise with Dalkeith Palace. Incorporating a multidisciplinary view, we understand the built environment as a form of living archive that expands the notion of records and the meaning of private and semi-private record creation and keeping. The incorporation of traces, symbols and alternative voices as archival sources encourages equity and inclusion in the built environment and in the field of archives.
Acknowledgments
The authors sincerely thank Ashley Bochman, and the reviewers.
Disclosure statement
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).
Notes
1. Lorimer, “Caught in the Nick of Time,” 249.
2. Derrida, Archive Fever, 90.
3. Derrida, Archive Fever, 100.
4. Caswell, “‘The Archive’ is Not An Archives,” 4.
5. Yeo, “Concepts of Record,” 337.
6. Yeo, Record-making, xi.
7. Yeo, Records, Information, and Data, 129; Assmann, “Canon and Archive,” 98–99.
8. Yeo, Record-making, xi and 102.
9. See for example Bastian, “In a House,” 17; England, “Archive of Place,” 338–339.
10. Briet, What is Documentation?, 2; Buckland, “Reception,” 40.
11. Tourney, “Caging Virtual Antelopes,” 306.
12. Frings-Hessami, “Embracing,” 544.
13. McKemmish, “Traces,” 3.
14. Yeo, Records, Information, and Data, 1.
15. Ngoepe and Mosako, “Walls,” 15. Further, these older records are connected to a modern artform — murals they name ‘extended archives’ that enliven ‘an inclusive participatory archive in the African context’ and which transform and redress archives (p. 14–16).
16. Harris, “Archons, Aliens, and Angels,” 105.
17. Sassoon, “Sharing our Story,” 49.
18. Bastian, “Records of Memory,” 127. Expansive view of records and archives often fits within social justice and liberatory-based archivy, on this see also Flinn, ”Impact,” 156.
19. Bastian, “Mine, Yours, Ours,” 26.
20. Bastian, “Records of Memory,” 124.
21. Ewing, “Fugitive Archives,” 44.
22. Justice, “Indigenous.”
23. Sassoon, “Sharing our Story,” 43.
24. Buchanan, “Strangely Unfamiliar,” 55–56.
25. Schwartz, “Negotiating,” 109.
26. Quoted in Buchanan, “All for Information,” 65.
27. Watts, Reading the Landscape, 1975 ed., v. Thank you to Martin Engseth for introducing us to this source.
28. Whyte, How Do Buildings Mean?, 172.
29. Whyte, Unlocking the Church, 35, 66.
30. Tutu, “Archives and Human Rights,” 1.
31. Historic England, Conservation Principles, 28, 54.
32. Barczewski, Country Houses, 159.
33. moreau and Alderman, “Graffiti Heritage,” 139.
34. Giles and Giles, “Writing on the Wall,” 337.
35. Lovata and Olton, Understanding Graffiti, 14.
36. Abramson, Çelik Alexander, and Osman, “Evidence,” 11.
37. For additional information about the architectural history and occupants of Dalkeith Castle and Palace, please see Bochman, From Castle to Classical.
38. Field, “A Cipher,” 139.
39. National Records of Scotland (NRS), GD224/391/1/14, 1715.
40. Ibid.
41. Hayward, “The Best of Queens,” 252.
42. McMains, The Death of Oliver Cromwell, 22.
43. Fraser, Sir William. “The Scotts of Buccleuch.” volume I. Edinburgh: T. and A. Constable, 1878
44. NRS, GD224/69, 1708–1717.
45. Ibid.
46. Fraser, The Scotts of Buccleuch, vol. I, 480.
47. The oldest record in the Buccleuch archive dates to the year 1165.
48. NRS, GD224/172/1/47. n.d.
49. Alice, Memoirs, 26.
50. Scott, Lords of Dalkeith, 159 affirms the presence of the soldiers in the Palace; our early research in newspaper sources and in conversations with family members suggests the soldiers were resident at some time between the years 1941-1944. To our knowledge, the history of these soldiers has not yet been written, and sources on their experience at the Palace are extremely scant. For general information on the Polish forces in Scotland, see Zbigniew Mieczkowski, The Soldiers of General Maczek in World War II, Warsaw-London: Foundation for the Commemoration of General Maczek, First Polish Armored Division, 2004.
51. Scott, Lords of Dalkeith, 159-160. Scott provides the years of 1970 to 1983, yet our research is revealing 1969.
52. Gile, “The History,” 8.
53. Pearson and Richard, “Architecture and Order,” 34.
54. Scribbling Through History workshop announcement, https://graffiti.hypotheses.org/13. Accessed 12 September 2023.
55. Giles and Giles, “Writing on the Wall,” 336.
56. Reed, “Charcoal Scribblings,” 116.
57. Merrill and Hack, “Exploring,” 102.
58. Bastian, Records of Memory, 124.
59. Dibdin, A Bibliographical, 648.
60. Greetham, “Who’s In, Who’s Out?,” 5–6.
Additional information
Notes on contributors
Daniel Bochman
Daniel Bochman is an Honorary Research Fellow at the University of Edinburgh, where he completed his PhD in Architecture. His doctoral research focused upon the architectural evolution of Dalkeith Castle and Palace and the central role of Duchess Anne Scott in the early eighteenth-century transformation from castle to palace. Daniel’s research utilized the extensive Duke of Buccleuch & Queensberry’s archive and many others around the UK and Europe. His work on this topic was inspired by his experiences residing and working in Dalkeith Palace. He has presented related papers in conferences such as the Society of Architectural Historians - USA (2018) and with the Scottish Historic Buildings Trust (2022).
Ellen Engseth
Ellen Engseth is Head of Migration and Social Services Collections and Curator of the Immigration History Research Center Archives, in the Archives & Special Collections Department of the University of Minnesota Libraries (USA). She holds a Master’s degree in History and also in Library and Information Science. Her work on this topic is in part a result of experiences residing and teaching the subject of archives at Dalkeith Palace. She presented the related paper “Reading a House as an Archive” at the 2022 ICHORA conference.