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Disclosure statement
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author.
Parsifal at Bayreuth Festival, 2023. Director Jay Scheib; scenic design Mimi Lien; costume design Meentje Nielsen; lighting design Rainer Casper; AR design Joshua Higgason
Figure 1. Act 1: Kundry enters as a riderless horse gallops by and meteors rain down. (AR images as seen in auditorium). Image: Joshua Higgason.
Figure 2. Act 1: Kundry (Elīna Garanča), Parsifal (Andreas Schager), and Gurnemanz (Georg Zeppenfeld). ‘Die Zeit ist da. Schlafen - schlafen - ich muss.’ © Enrico Nawrath 2023.
Figure 3. Act 1: Parsifal enters the Grail Hall. ‘Zum Raum wird hier die Zeit.’ © Enrico Nawrath 2023.
Figure 4. Act 1: Prophecy from on high. Gurnemanz: ‘Durch mitleid wissend.’ © Enrico Nawrath 2023.
Figure 5. Act 2, Part 2: The Magic Garden and the Flower Maidens. © Enrico Nawrath 2023.
Figure 6. Act 2, Part 2: AR image in auditorium accompanying scene of Flower Maidens pleading with Parsifal. Image: Joshua Higgason.
Figure 7. Act 3: Gunrnemanz waits near a derelict cobalt mine. © Enrico Nawrath 2023.
Figure 8. Act 3: Kundry wakes again: ‘Dienen … dienen!’ (AR image and live performers.) Courtesy Joshua Higgason.
Additional information
Notes on contributors
Arnold Aronson
Arnold Aronson is Professor Emeritus of Theatre at Columbia University. He was a co-founder and former co-editor of Theatre and Performance Design. His most recent book is Fifty Key Theatre Designers (Routledge Press).