Toxicities of selected medicinal plants and floras of lower phyla

Peer review under responsibility of Alexandria University Faculty of Medicine.

Available online 24 May 2018

Figures & data

Fig. 4 TC levels after administration of medicinal plants and floras of lower phyla.

Fig. 8 Effects of administration of medicinal plants and floras of lower phyla on artherogenic coefficient.

Table 1 Hepatic effects of some medicinal plants and floras of lower phyla.

Grp	ALP (U/L)	ALT (U/L)	AST (U/L)	GGT (U/L)	T. Bil (μmol/L)	C. Bil (μmol/L)	T. Pro (g/dl)	Alb (g/dl)	Glob (g/dl)
1	43.16 ± 1.76^a	48.16 ± 1.10^a	26.31 ± 0.75^a	3.78 ± 0.04^a	1.24 ± 0.09^a	0.61 ± 0.02^a	8.63 ± 0.23^a	5.70 ± 0.22^a	2.93 ± 0.17^a
2	57.61 ± 2.09^b	52.28 ± 1.72^b	39.36 ± 2.70^b	4.23 ± 0.16^be	1.51 ± 0.09^b	0.76 ± 0.04^b	6.84 ± 0.16^b	5.04 ± 0.16^b	1.80 ± 0.05^b
3	63.51 ± 2.89^c	48.31 ± 1.85^a	27.63 ± 2.26^a	3.48 ± 0.25^a	1.83 ± 0.07^c	0.86 ± 0.04^c	5.72 ± 0.07^c	4.42 ± 0.07^c	1.30 ± 0.01^c
4	56.07 ± 1.55^b	62.06 ± 1.65^c	38.99 ± 1.02^b	4.05 ± 0.05^b	1.70 ± 0.08^c	1.16 ± 0.07^d	6.63 ± 0.11^bd	4.72 ± 0.09^d	1.90 ± 0.06^b
5	50.96 ± 1.72^d	55.43 ± 1.17^d	34.55 ± 0.64^c	4.87 ± 0.15^d	1.44 ± 0.05^b	0.52 ± 0.03^e	6.14 ± 0.06^e	5.10 ± 0.10^b	1.04 ± 0.05^d
6	58.56 ± 0.87^b	55.91 ± 0.86^d	38.10 ± 0.85^b	4.44 ± 0.10^e	1.21 ± 0.09^a	0.36 ± 0.03^f	6.48 ± 0.07^d	4.25 ± 0.14^c	2.11 ± 0.16^e
7	42.47 ± 1.66^a	48.04 ± 1.58^a	26.26 ± 1.46^a	3.91 ± 0.09^a	1.24 ± 0.04^a	0.64 ± 0.04^a	8.30 ± 0.16^f	4.96 ± 0.16^b	3.34 ± 0.16^f

Values represent mean ± S.D of triplicate determinations. Values bearing dissimilar superscript letters down the column are significantly different at p < 0.05.

Table 2 Renal effects of administration of some medicinal plants and floras of lower phyla.

Grp	UREA (mg/dl)	CRT (mg/dl)	BUN (mg/dl)	Na (mmol/l)	K (mmol/l)	Zn (mmol/l)	Cl (mmol/l)	HCO3 (mmol/l)
1	39.49 ± 1.29^a	0.47 ± 0.02^a	21.94 ± 1.65^a	110.16 ± 3.49^a	8.89 ± 0.07^a	14.31 ± 0.37^a	95.27 ± 4.02^ac	24.72 ± 1.28^ac
2	37.19 ± 1.24^a	0.43 ± 0.02^ac	23.59 ± 1.84^a	130.91 ± 3.45^b	10.98 ± 0.11^a	14.20 ± 0.18^a	90.56 ± 2.85^b	19.19 ± 0.27^b
3	44.94 ± 2.89^c	0.52 ± 0.03^b	22.63 ± 2.49^a	114.19 ± 3.37^ac	12.30 ± 0.69^b	16.87 ± 0.23^b	94.81 ± 1.24^ac	23.00 ± 0.36^a
4	40.97 ± 2.08^d	0.41 ± 0.01^c	22.03 ± 1.97^a	118.77 ± 3.39 ^cd	8.42 ± 0.07^c	14.21 ± 0.25^a	97.86 ± 3.85 ^cd	18.70 ± 0.29^b
5	46.05 ± 1.17^c	0.43 ± 0.03^ac	23.40 ± 1.57^a	104.40 ± 4.49^a	8.78 ± 0.16^a	11.58 ± 0.32^c	91.14 ± 1.21^a	23.42 ± 1.60^a
6	46.02 ± 1.57^c	0.49 ± 0.02^a	22.40 ± 1.59^a	104.31 ± 2.77^a	11.75 ± 0.62^b	16.48 ± 0.36^b	84.39 ± 1.81^d	19.42 ± 0.97^b
7	53.27 ± 1.35^e	0.50 ± 0.02^a	23.87 ± 2.43^a	125.09 ± 6.05^bd	13.36 ± 0.57^d	14.24 ± 0.31^a	102.59 ± 5.18^e	25.15 ± 0.70^c

Values represent mean ± S.D of triplicate determinations. Values bearing dissimilar superscript letters down the column are significantly different at p < 0.05.

Fig. 1 Phosphatidate phosphohydrolase levels after administration of medicinal plants and floras of lower phyla.

Fig. 2 LDL levels after administration of medicinal plants and floras of lower phyla.

Fig. 3 VLDL levels after administration of medicinal plants and floras of lower phyla.

Fig. 5 TG levels after administration of medicinal plants and floras of lower phyla.

Fig. 6 HDL levels after administration of medicinal plants and floras of lower phyla.

Fig. 7 Effects of administration of medicinal plants and floras of lower phyla on cardiac risk ratio.

Fig. 9 Effects of administration of medicinal plants and floras of lower phyla on atherogenic index of plasma.

Table 3 Effects of administration of some medicinal plants and floras of lower phyla on red blood cells indices.

Grp	RBC × (10^6/µL)	HGB (g/dl)	MCHC (g/dl)	MCV (fL)	MCH (pg)	HCT (%)
1	8.43 ± 0.24^a	12.44 ± 0.15^a	27.63 ± 0.55a	61.41 ± 1.02^a	18.68 ± 0.51^a	42.77 ± 1.99^a
2	8.53 ± 0.27^a	10.17 ± 0.28^b	20.48 ± 0.40^b	52.16 ± 1.04^b	12.48 ± 0.42^b	36.08 ± 0.85^b
3	8.66 ± 0.34^a	12.50 ± 0.35^a	21.38 ± 1.19^b	53.28 ± 1.00^b	17.36 ± 0.44^c	41.32 ± 2.37^a
4	7.48 ± 0.15^c	9.72 ± 0.18^b	22.47 ± 0.36^c	51.57 ± 1.88^b	17.33 ± 0.39^c	42.66 ± 1.89^a
5	6.56 ± 0.16^d	9.01 ± 0.12^d	30.68 ± 0.40^d	45.28 ± 1.31^c	14.12 ± 0.24^d	33.88 ± 1.91^b
6	8.03 ± 0.21^e	10.69 ± 0.14^e	26.39 ± 0.22^e	53.09 ± 1.35^b	15.49 ± 0.40^e	39.72 ± 0.92^a
7	8.79 ± 0.10^a	12.27 ± 0.48^a	28.57 ± 0.38^a	57.16 ± 1.06^d	19.18 ± 0.71^a	41.54 ± 2.23^a

Values represent mean ± S.D of triplicate determinations. Values bearing dissimilar superscript letters down the column are significantly different at p < 0.05.

Table 4 Effects of administration of some medicinal plants and floras of lower phyla on white blood cells differentials.

Grp	WBC (×10^3/µL)	Monocytes (%)	Neutrophils (%)	Eosinophils (%)	Basophils (%)	Lymph (%)
1	9.48 ± 0.39^a	13.38 ± 0.41^a	22.34 ± 0.53^a	4.64 ± 0.11^a	7.13 ± 0.31^a	50.05 ± 1.54^a
2	8.04 ± 0.17^b	16.25 ± 0.44^b	18.57 ± 0.32^b	7.44 ± 0.27^b	13.35 ± 0.35^b	42.67 ± 1.04^b
3	8.85 ± 0.09^c	11.91 ± 0.34^c	26.05 ± 0.74^c	3.55 ± 0.28^c	4.44 ± 0.43^c	53.62 ± 1.26^c
4	8.01 ± 0.28^b	13.38 ± 0.33^a	17.59 ± 0.25^b	3.13 ± 0.17^d	7.66 ± 0.31^d	57.37 ± 0.81^d
5	6.82 ± 0.18^e	9.89 ± 0.23^d	28.22 ± 0.70^d	4.91 ± 0.22^e	8.90 ± 0.17^e	41.85 ± 0.87^b
6	9.60 ± 0.41^a	12.42 ± 0.28^b	20.42 ± 0.51^e	5.58 ± 0.26^f	8.75 ± 0.29^e	52.57 ± 1.34^c
7	9.28 ± 0.32^a	11.33 ± 0.23^b	23.93 ± 0.77^f	5.92 ± 0.19 ^g	8.64 ± 0.32^e	52.12 ± 1.83^ac

Values represent mean ± S.D of triplicate determinations. Values bearing dissimilar superscript letters down the column are significantly different at p < 0.05.

Table 5 Effects of administration of some medicinal plants and floras of lower phyla on platelet functional indices.

Groups	PLT (10^3/µL)	MPV(fL)	PDW	PCT (%)
1	271.76 ± 3.58^a	6.69 ± 0.18^ae	12.63 ± 0.35^a	0.66 ± 0.03^a
2	265.64 ± 4.55^a	5.30 ± 0.25^b	13.49 ± 0.52^b	0.61 ± 0.04^a
3	258.92 ± 3.34^b	6.89 ± 0.22^ad	11.66 ± 0.33^c	0.75 ± 0.03^b
4	223.69 ± 3.05^c	6.71 ± 0.19^ad	11.61 ± 0.28^c	0.67 ± 0.02^a
5	207.38 ± 2.51^d	6.97 ± 0.17^c	8.64 ± 0.25^d	0.44 ± 0.03^c
6	247.32 ± 2.25^e	5.88 ± 0.14^d	12.50 ± 0.41^a	0.54 ± 0.03^d
7	281.52 ± 4.55^f	6.34 ± 0.15^e	12.67 ± 0.25^a	0.70 ± 0.04^ab

Values represent mean ± S.D of triplicate determinations. Values bearing dissimilar superscript letters down the column are significantly different at p < 0.05.

Fig. 10 MDA levels of rats administered selected medicinal plants and floras of lower phyla.

Fig. 11 SOD levels of rats administered selected medicinal plants and floras of lower phyla.

Fig. 12 Catalase levels of rats administered selected medicinal plants and floras of lower phyla.

Fig. 13 Glutathione reductase levels of rats administered selected medicinal plants and floras of lower phyla.

Fig. 14 Glutathione peroxidase levels of rats administered selected medicinal plants and floras of lower phyla.

Fig. 15 Glutathione S transferase levels of rats administered selected medicinal plants and floras of lower phyla.

Fig. 16 Effects of administration of selected medicinal plants and floras of lower phyla on glutathione.

Fig. 17 Effects of administration of selected medicinal plants and floras of lower phyla on xanthine oxidase.

Fig. 18 Effects of administration of selected medicinal plants and floras of lower phyla on xanthine dehydrogenase.