The clinical features and prognosis of mumps-associated hearing loss: a retrospective, multi-institutional investigation in Japan

Figures & data

Table 1. Criteria for the diagnosis of mumps deafness (revised in 2013).

Definite 1. Patients with evident clinical signs of mumps, such as swelling of the parotid gland and submandibular gland, and acute severe hearing loss during the period from 4 d before to 18 d after the appearance of such swelling 2. Patients without evident clinical signs of mumps, but IgM antibodies against mumps virus are detected within 3 months after the onset of acute severe hearing loss

Referent case: Patients in whom mumps deafness is suspected clinically 1. Patients whose family members or friends have mumps infection 2. Patients who have different periods to Definite Criterion 1

Table 2. Criteria for the grading of hearing loss in idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss.

Grade 1	PTA <40 dB
Grade 2	40 dB ≤ PTA <60 dB
Grade 3	60 dB ≤ PTA <90
Grade 4	90 dB ≤ PTA

PTA: pure-tone average. PTA was calculated based on pure-tone thresholds at 250, 500, 1000, 2000 and 4000 Hz.

Table 3. Criteria for the evaluation of hearing recovery in sudden deafness.

Complete recovery	All five frequencies at 250, 500, 1000, 2000 and 4000 Hz of final audiograms are 20 dB or less, or improvement to the same degree of hearing in the unaffected ear
Marked recovery	30 dB ≤ PTA improvement
Slight recovery	10 dB ≤ PTA improvement <30
No response	PTA improvement <10

PTA: pure-tone average. PTA was calculated based on pure-tone thresholds at 250, 500, 1000, 2000 and 4000 Hz.

Table 4. Characteristics of subjects with ‘definite’ hearing loss due to mumps.

Total number (n)	67
Age (years)
Range	1–54
Median	9.5
Gender (n, %)
Male	35 (52.2)
Female	32 (47.8)
Affected ear (n, %)
Unilateral	63 (94.0)
Bilateral	4 (6.0)
Severity (n, %)
Grade 1	0 (0)
Grade 2	2 (2.8)
Grade 3	4 (5.6)
Grade 4	65 (91.5)
Asymptomatic mumps infection	15 (22.4)
Dizziness or vertigo (n, %)	21 (31.3)
Nystagmus (n, %)	14 (20.9)

Table 5. Hearing prognosis of mumps-associated hearing loss.

	Pre-steroid treatment hearing severity
Degree of hearing recovery	Grade 2 (%)	Grade 3 (%)	Grade 4 (%)	Total (%)
Complete recovery	0/1 (0)	1/3 (33.3)	0/25 (0)	1/29 (3.4)
Marked recovery	0/1 (0)	0/3 (0)	0/25 (0)	0/29 (0)
Slight recovery	0/1 (0)	0/3 (0)	0/25 (0)	0/29 (0)
No response	1/1 (100)	2/3 (66.7)	25/25 (100)	28/29 (96.6)