Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in assisted reproductive technology treatment does not increase the risk of adverse perinatal outcomes in twin pregnancies

Figures & data

Table 1. Demographic and clinical characteristics of the groups.

Characteristics	G-CSF treated group 1 (n = 42)	Non-G-CSF treated group 2 (n = 80)	p Value
Maternal age, years	31 (25–42)	31 (24–42)	.310^a
BMI (kg/m^2)	22.9 (17–32)	22.3 (17–37)	.840^a
Pregestational DM, n (%)	1 (2.6)	3 (3.5)	.999^a
Gestational week at birth	35 (29–38)	35 (25–38)	.702^a
Mean BW (g)	2250 (1320–3370)	2260 (760–3070)	.866^a

BMI: body mass index; pregestational DM: pregestational diabetes mellitus; mean BW: mean birth weight.

Values are presented as median (minimum–maximum) or number (%).

^a Mann–Whitney’s U-test.

Table 2. Comparison of perinatal outcomes of the groups.

Characteristics	G-CSF treated group 1 (n = 42)	Non-G-CSF treated group 2 (n = 80)	p Value
Oligohydramnios			.537^a
Absent	41 (97.6)	89 (98.9)
Present	1 (2.4)	1 (1.1)
GHD			.073^a
Absent	36 (85.7)	86 (95.6)
Present	6 (14.3)	4 (4.4)
Preterm birth			.725^a
Absent	8 (19)	19 (21.1)
Present	34 (81)	71 (78.9)
First-trimester bleeding			.999^a
Absent	38 (90.5)	84 (93.3)
Present	4 (9.5)	6 (6.7)
GDM			.999^a
Absent	34 (81)	72 (80.0)
Present	8 (19)	18 (20)
Preterm rupture of membrane			.254^a
Absent	36 (85.7)	68 (75.6)
Present	6 (14.3)	22 (24.4)
Placentation anomalies			.337^a
Absent	40 (95.2)	80 (88.9)
Present	2 (4.8)	10 (11.1)
NICU			.999^a
Absent	17 (40.5)	38 (42.2)
Present	25 (59.5)	52 (57.8)
Apgar score			.550^a
<8	3 (7.1)	10 (11.1)
≥8	39 (92.9)	80 (88.9)
BW discordance			.783^a
Absent	36 (85.7)	79 (87.8)
Present	6 (14.3)	11 (12.2)
SGA			.135^a
Absent	28 (66.7)	47 (52.2)
Present	14 (33.3)	43 (47.8)
Placental weight, median, g (min–max)	963 (534–1380)	914 (370–1385)	.030^b

GHD: gestational hypertensive disease; GDM: gestational diabetes; NICU: neonatal intensive care unit; BW discordance: birth weight discordance; SGA: small for gestational age.

Values are presented as median (minimum–maximum) or number (%).

^a χ².

^b Mann–Whitney’s U-test.

Data availability statement

The data-sets used and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.