Reliability and validity of using the global school-based student health survey to assess 24 hour movement behaviours in adolescents from Saudi Arabia

Figures & data

Figure 1. Stage 1: Riyadh divisions based on geographical regions. Stage 2: Participant classification based on sex. Stage 3: Randomly selected school.

Figure 2. Stage 4: Participant classification based on grades. Stage 5: Randomly selected class of each grade. Stage 6: Randomly selected participants of each class.

Table 1. Participant characteristics: mean (SD), percentage, and median (percentiles).

	Male	Female
	N = 60	N = 60	p-value
	Median (percentiles)
Age (y)	14 (13–15)	14 (13–14)	0.921
	N = 59	N = 60
	Mean (SD)
Stature (m)	1.55 (0.09)	1.53 (0.06)	0.106
Body mass (kg)	55.0 (15.5)	52.8 (14.3)	0.414
Body mass index (kg/m^2)	22.50 (5.42)	22.24 (5.29)	0.936
BMI Classifications	N (% of sample)
Underweight	3 (5.1)	4 (6.7)
Normal	49 (83.1)	48 (79.9)	0.997
Overweight	6 (10.2)	7 (11.7)
Obese	1 (1.7)	1 (1.7)
GHSH (measurement 1)	N = 60	N = 60
	Median (percentiles)
MVPA days/week	1 (0–3)	2 (0–5)	0.227
SB by hour/day	3* (2–4)	3* (2–4)	0.333
Sleep min/weekday	420 (375–480)	420 (360–540)	0.847
GHSH (measurement 2)	N = 59	N = 58
	Median (percentiles)
MVPA days/week	2 (1–3)	2 (1–3)	0.931
ST by hour/day*	3* (2–4)	3* (2–4)	0.993
	Mean (SD)
Sleep min/weekday	420 (360–480)	420 (360–480)	0.420
GENEActiv	N = 57	N = 60
	Median (percentiles)
MVPA days/week	5 (2–6)	2 (0–5)	<0.001
	Mean (SD)
Sleep min/weekday	438 (60)	399 (72)	0.002
Diary Log	N = 47	N = 50
	Median (percentiles)
MVPA days/week	1 (0–3)	0 (0–2)	0.080
	Mean (SD)
ST by min/day	175 (130)	166 (113)	0.954
Sleep min/weekday	435 (65)	415 (68)	0.140

Figures in bold denote significant differences between the sexes (p < 0.05), BMI = Body Mass Index, MVPA = moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, ST = screen time.

*3-4 hours/day.

Table 2. Reliability of the GSHS 24-hour movement behaviours single items using the ICC for ranked data, and Kappa for meeting or not the guidelines.

GSHS	ICC	(95% CI)		p-value	Kappa	% Agreement
		Lower Bound	Upper Bound
Males (N = 59)
MVPA	0.606	0.331	0.759	0.003	0.37	94.9
ST	0.556	0.263	0.734	0.019	0.30	66.1
Sleep	0.472	0.114	0.686	0.001	0.41	71.2
Females (N = 58)
MVPA	0.623	0.365	0.777	0.000	0.47	87.9
ST	0.721	0.527	0.835	0.001	0.44	72.4
Sleep	0.788	0.642	0.875	<0.001	0.50	75.9

Figures in bold denote significance (p < 0.05).

MVPA = moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, ST = screen time.

Table 3. The validity of the GSHS compared with GENEActiv and diary log data using Spearman’s rank-order correlations data and kappa for meeting or not meeting the guidelines.

Instruments	Movement Behaviours	Spearman’s (p-value)	Kappa
Males
(N = 57)
GSHS compared to GENEActiv	MVPA	0.187 (0.167)	0.300
	ST	– –	– –
	Sleep	0.245 (0.069)	0.072
(N = 47)
GSHS compared to Diary log	MVPA	0.632 (<0.001)	0.393
	ST	0.575 (<0.001)	0.461
	Sleep	0.457 (0.001)	0.290
(N = 47)
GENEActiv compared to Diary Log	MVPA	0.159 (0.296)	0.182
	ST	– –	– –
	Sleep	0.446 (0.002)	0.271
Females
(N = 58)
GSHS compared to GENEActiv	MVPA	0.276 (0.036)	0.158
	ST	– –	– –
	Sleep	0.189 (0.156)	0.029
(N = 53)
GSHS compared to Diary log	MVPA	0.436 (0.001)	−0.058
	ST	0.287 (0.039)	0.305
	Sleep	0.346 (0.013)	0.320
(N = 53)
GENEActiv compared to Diary Log	MVPA	0.218 (0.118)	0.372
	ST	– –	– –
	Sleep	0.493 (<0.001)	0.387

Figures in bold denote significance (p < 0.05).

MVPA = moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, ST = screen time.