Thermal monitoring: Invasive, minimal-invasive and non-invasive approaches

Figures & data

Figure 1. Specification of reference points for pelvic tumours and part body hyperthermia (PBHT), which are applied in disseminated diseases (peritoneal carcinosis). Every temperature-time curve is analysed according to the chart left below.

Table I.  Surrogate parameters for invasive temperature measurements, either acquired minimal-invasive or non-invasive.

References	Tumor entity	Thermal parameters		Technique/location	Response parameters
^21Rau et al 2000 ^14Rau et al 1998	rectal carcinoma uT3-4cN±M0	T90 (time averaged) [°C] cummin T90 ≥ 40.5°C [min] CEM 43°C T90 [min]	> 40.5°C > 120 min > 8 min	rectum: endoluminal tumor contact	downstaging (pT) volume reduction (WHO) tumor necrosis ≥ 90%
^22Tilly et al 2005	prostate carcinoma uT3pN0M0	T90 (time averaged) Tmax (time averaged) cummin T90 ≥ 40.5°C	> 40.7°C > 41.4°C > 180 min	urethra: intraprostatic	5y-PSA-control
^16Sreenivasa 2006	cervical carcinoma ≥ FIGO IIB (bulky)	Tmax (vagina, time averaged) CEM 43°C Tmax	> 40.2°C > 11 min	vagina: proximal part	downstaging (pT) volume reduction (WHO)
^19Gellermann 2005	recurrent rectal carcinoma pre-irradiated	<MR-temp> (tumor)	> 42 MR-deg	MR-temperature (tumor, PRFS* method)	analgesia
^23Gellermann 2006	soft tissue sarcoma high-risk	MR-T90 (time averaged) CEM 43°C [MR-deg]	> 41 MR-deg > 16 min	MR-temperature (tumor, PRFS* method)	pathohistological regression

*PRFS: proton resonance frequency shift.