Risk factors of intrahepatic biloma and secondary infection after thermal ablation for malignant hepatic tumors

Figures & data

Table 1. Univariate analysis of factors predicting biloma formation.

	Complication group (58 patients, 68 lesions)	Control group (61 patients, 72 lesions)	t/2	p
Age (years)	53.9 ± 11.7	53.6 ± 10.4	−0.013	.990
Gender (M/F)	51/7	48/13	1.816	.178
Liver cirrhosis (Y/N)	72.1% (49/19)	79.2% (57/15)	0.961	.327
Diabetes (Y/N)	13.2% (9/59)	5.6% (4/68)	2.449	.118
Hepatectomy history (Y/N)	39.7% (27/41)	22.2% (16/56)	4.793	.029*
TACE history (Y/N)	41.2% (28/40)	16.7% (12/60)	10.294	.001*
Intrahepatic bile duct dilatation before ablation (Y/N)	11.8% (8/60)	5.6% (4/68)	4.661	.031*
Ascites history (Y/N)	2.9% (2/66)	11.1% (8/64)	2.395	.122
Child-Pugh class (A/B)	66/2	72/0	2.148	.143
ALT (≤35/>35 U/L)	41/27	49/23	0.918	.338
AST (≤40/>40 U/L)	50/18	48/24	0.784	.376
Tumor (PLC/SLC)	65/3	72/0	1.483	.072
Tumor size (cm)	21 ± 9.2	18.7 ± 6.3	−1.182	.237
Tumor location (<5/5–10/>10 mm)	50/9/9	13/1/58	63.904	.000*
Ablation (RFA/MWA)	49/19	36/36	7.134	.008*
Ablation energy (KJ)	117.5 ± 115.1	99.9 ± 77.1	−1.301	.193
Ablation time (min)	23.6 ± 13.1	21.4 ± 12.9	−1.086	.278

M: male; F: female; Y: yes; N: no; PLC: primary liver cancer; SLC: secondary liver cancer; TACE: trans-catheter arterial chemoembolization; ALT: alanine aminotransferase; AST: aspartate aminotransferase; RFA: radiofrequency ablation; MWA: microwave ablation; KJ: kilojoule. *Significant difference.

Table 2. Multivariate analysis of factors predicting biloma formation.

	Odds ratio	95% confidence interval	p
Hepatectomy history (Y/N)	–	–	.279
TACE history (Y/N)	3.606	1.165–11.156	.026*
Intrahepatic bile duct dilatation before ablation (Y/N)	0	0	.999
Tumor location (≤10/>10 mm)	37.734	13.058–109.034	<.001*
Ablation (RFA/WMA)	–	–	.264

TACE: trans-catheter arterial chemoembolization; RFA: radiofrequency ablation; Y: yes; N: no. *Significant difference.

Table 3. Possible risk factors of secondary infection due to biloma.

	Symptomatic group (12 lesions)	Asymptomatic group (56 lesions)	t/2	p
Diabetes (Y/N)	16.7% (2/10)	12.5% (7/49)	0.000	1.000
Surgery for the biliary tract (Y/N)	16.7% (2/10)	0.0% (0/56)	4.664	.031*
Tumor size (cm)	21.3 ± 9.1	20.9 ± 9.3	0.138	.891
Tumor location
Segment I	0	0	–	–
Segment II	0	4	0.077	.781
Segment III	0	5	0.217	.641
Segment IV	2	11	0.000	1.000
Segment V	2	5	0.077	.782
Segment VI	0	7	0.592	.441
Segment VII	2	8	0.000	1.000
Segment VIII	6	16	1.210	.271
Child-Pugh class (A/B)	12/0	54/2	0.000	1.000
Liver cirrhosis (Y/N)	66.7% (8/4)	73.2% (41/15)	0.011	.917
Preoperative antibiotics (Y/N)	66.7% (8/4)	73.2% (41/15)	0.011	.917
Intrahepatic bile duct dilatation (Y/N)	16.7% (2/10)	10.7% (6/50)	0.008	.931
TACE history (Y/N)	33.3% (4/8)	42.9% (24/32)	0.081	.776

*Significant difference.