Non-participation in preventive child health examinations at the general practitioner in Denmark: A register-based study

Figures & data

Table I.  Participation rate and crude OR for preventive child health examinations at the GP according to socioeconomic and demographic characteristics, Denmark 2002–2004.

	5-months examination			4-years examination
	n	Participation rate (%)	Crude OR	n	Participation rate (%)	Crude OR
Sex of the child
Girl	32724	93.7	1.00	34291	76.7	1.00
Boy	30924	94.0	1.05 (0.98 to 1.12)	32900	76.7	1.00 (0.96 to 1.03)
Number of older biological siblings
0	26951	95.2	1.00	28232	80.6	1.00
1	23654	93.8	1.31 (1.21 to 1.42)	25145	76.7	1.26 (1.21 to 1.32)
2	9242	91.9	1.74 (1.59 to 1.91)	9584	71.0	1.69 (1.60 to 1.78)
3 +	3609	89.2	2.42 (2.15 to 2.72)	3579	61.8	2.56 (2.38 to 2.75)
Number of hospitalizations (excluding birth)
0	50197	94.0	1.00	62295	76.9	1.00
1	9902	93.6	1.08 (0.99 to 1.18)	3830	75.0	1.11 (1.03 to 1.20)
2 +	3549	92.3	1.31 (1.15 to 1.49)	1066	68.2	1.56 (1.37 to 1.77)
Child living with
Two adults	58862	94.2	1.00	57455	78.7	1.00
Single male adult	106	85.9	2.69 (1.55 to 4.64)	502	52.0	3.41 (2.86 to 4.07)
Single female adult	4434	90.0	1.82 (1.64 to 2.02)	8920	65.4	1.96 (1.87 to 2.05)
No adults (institution)	192	68.2	7.59 (5.59 to 10.30)	314	68.4	1,70 (1.34 to 2.16)
Maternal age at birth
< 25	6942	93.0	1.22 (1.10 to 1.34)	10533	70.5	1.54 (1.47 to 1.62)
25–34	43887	94.2	1.00	46361	78.6	1.00
< 34	12442	93.6	1.11 (1.02 to 1.21)	1162	72.5	1.19 (1.13 to 1.25)
Paternal age at birth
< 25	2443	93.2	1.28 (1.09 to 1.51)	3692	71.5	1.57 (1.45 to 1.69)
25–34	35289	94.6	1.00	37287	79.8	1.00
< 34	21231	93.7	1.17 (1.09 to 1.26)	16977	77.1	1,17 (1.12 to 1.22)
Maternal ethnicity
Danish	54421	94.4	1.00	58049	78.7	1.00
Immigrants from developed countries	2321	92.2	1.45 (1.24 to 1.69)	2207	65.8	1,92 (1.76 to 2.11)
Immigrants from less developed countries	5868	91.0	1.66 (1.51 to 1.83)	5640	63.6	2.11 (2.00 to 2.24)
Descendants of immigrants	619	91.3	1.60 (1.20 to 2.11)	408	68.9	1.67 (1.35 to 2.06)
Paternal ethnicity
Danish	50915	94.6	1.00	50707	80.1	1.00
Immigrants from developed countries	2276	93.0	1.32 (1.12 to 1.56)	2069	70.0	1.73 (1.57 to 1.91)
Immigrants from less developed countries	5239	91.4	1.65 (1.49 to 1.83)	4799	65.2	2.15 (2.02 to 2.29)
Descendants of immigrants	454	89.4	2.07 (1.53 to 2.80)	302	68.9	1.82 (1.43 to 2.33)
Maternal educational and occupational status
In job, more than basic education	34397	95.4	1.00	39639	81.3	1.00
In job, basic educat ion	7106	93.6	1.40 (1.26 to 1.56)	9599	74.1	1.52 (1.45 to 1.60)
No job, more than basic education	9776	93.2	1.50 (1.37 to 1.65)	7580	73.8	1.55 (1.46 to 1.64)
No job, basic education	9545	90.5	2.15 (1.97 to 2.34)	7756	63.8	2.47 (2.35 to 2.61)
Paternal educational and occupational status
In job, more than basic education	39944	94.8	1.00	40142	81.1	1.00
In job, basic education	10983	93.8	1.22 (1.11 to 1.33)	11370	76.2	1.34 (1.28 to 1.41)
No job, more than basic education	3538	92.8	1.42 (1.24 to 1.62)	2808	69.0	1.93 (1.78 to 2.10)
No job, basic education	2963	90.6	1.91 (1.67 to 2.17)	2464	63.9	2.43 (2.23 to 2.64)
Household income (in fractiles)
< 1%	634	79.8	5.82 (4.89 to 6.93)	668	51.5	3.39 (2.97 to 3.87)
1–4.9%	2537	87.7	2.81 (2.45 to 3.23)	2676	57.1	3.37 (3.09 to 3.67)
5–24.9%	12680	91.5	1.86 (1.69 to 2.05)	13376	66.6	2.25 (2.14 to 2.38)
25–49.9%	15850	94.5	1.17 (1.06 to 1.30)	16719	78.3	1.25 (1.18 to 1.31)
50–74.9%	15853	95.5	0.95 (0.85 to 1.05)	16719	82.4	0.96 (0.91 to 1.02)
75–100%	15848	95.3	1.00	16719	81.8	1.00

Table II.  Adjusted OR* for non-participation in five preventive child health examinations at the GP according to demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, Denmark 2002–2004.

	5 weeks	5 months	12 months	4 years	5 years
Sex of the child
Girl	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
Boy	0.99 (0.92 to 1.06)	1.07 (1.00 to 1.14)	1.08 (1.01 to 1.15)	0.98 (0.95 to 1.02)	1.04 (0.99 to 1.08)
Number of older biological siblings
0	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
1	1.05 (0.95 to 1.14)	1.38 (1.27 to 1.50)	1.46 (1.35 to 1.59)	1.40 (1.34 to 1.47)	1.70 (1.61 to 1.79)
2	1.12 (1.01 to 1.26)	1.72 (1.55 to 1.92)	1.86 (1.67 to 2.07)	1.81 (1.71 to 1.93)	2.32 (2.17 to 2.48)
3 +	1.30 (1.12 to 1.52)	1.91 (1.64 to 2.22)	2.19 (1.89 to 2.52)	2.22 (2.03 to 2.43)	3.14 (2.86 to 3.45)
Number of hospitalizations (excluding birth)
0	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
1	1.41 (1.29 to 1.55)	1.09 (0.99 to 1.20)	1.08 (0.98 to 1.18)	1.07 (0.99 to 1.16)	1.05 (0.95 to 1.16)
2 +	2.79 (2.51 to 3.11)	1.23 (1.08 to 1.41)	1.31 (1.15 to 1.49)	1.56 (1.36 to 1.79)	1.66 (1.41 to 1.96)
Composition of the family
Two adults	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
Single male adult	4.66 (2.17to 10.01)	0.80 (0.19 to 3.38)	1.10 (0.48 to 2.55)	3.43 (2.85 to 4.14)	3.86 (3.27 to 4.54)
Single female adult	1.22 (1.04 to 1.44)	1.15 (0.97 to 1.35)	1.39 (1.20 to 1.61)	1.58 (1.46 to 1.71)	1.57 (1.45 to 1.70)
Maternal age at birth
< 25	1.08 (0.95 to 1.22)	0.98 (0.86 to 1.11)	1.15 (1.03 to 1.29)	1.30 (1.23 to 1.38)	1.33 (1.24 to 1.42)
25–34	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
< 34	1.06 (0.96 to 1.16)	0.95 (0.86 to 1.05)	0.92 (0.83 to 1.01)	0.99 (0.93 to 1.05)	1.02 (0.95 to 1.09)
Paternal age at birth
< 25	1.01 (0.83 to 1.23)	1.08 (0.89 to 1.31)	1.10 (0.93 to 1.31)	1.25 (1.14to 1.36)	1.32 (1.20 to 1.45)
25–34	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
< 34	1.03 (0.95 to 1.23)	1.04 (0.95 to 1.13)	0.99 (0.91 to 1.08)	1.02 (0.97 to 1.07)	1.05 (0.99 to 1.11)
Maternal ethnicity
Danish	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
Immigrants from developed countries	1.25 (1.03 to 1.53)	1.13 (0.92 to 1.38)	1.08 (0.89 to 1.31)	1.45 (1.30 to 1.62)	1.50 (1.33 to 1.70)
Immigrants from less developed countries	1.17 (0.98 to 1.40)	0.86 (0.71 to 1.03)	0.80 (0.67 to 0.96)	1.19 (1.07 to 1.32)	1.07 (0.95 to 1.20)
Descendants of immigrants	1.09 (0.77 to 1.55)	1.27 (0.92 to 1.76)	1.42 (1.05 to 1.90)	1.21 (0.96 to 1.53)	1.06 (0.81 to 1.37)
Paternal ethnicity
Danish	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
Immigrants from developed countries	1.05 (0.85 to 1.30)	0.99 (0.80 to 1.23)	1.08 (0.88 to 1.33)	1.07 (0.94 to 1.21)	1.07 (0.93 to 1.23)
Immigrants from less developed countries	0.93 (0.76 to 1.14)	0.96 (0.78 to 1.18)	0.98 (0.81 to 1.20)	0.95 (0.84 to 1.08)	0.98 (0.86 to 1.12)
Descendants of immigrants	0.92 (0.60 to 1.42)	1.72 (1.21 to 2.44)	1.06 (0.71 to 1.58)	1.25 (0.96 to 1.63)	1.36(1.01 to 1.81)
Maternal educational and occupational status
In job, more than basic education	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
In job, basic education	1.13 (1.01 to 1.27)	1.32 (1.18 to 1.47)	1.30 (1.18 to 1.45)	1.31 (1.24 to 1.38)	1.40 (1.32 to 1.49)
No job, more than basic education	1.08 (0.98 to 1.20)	1.28 (1.16 to 1.42)	1.17 (1.05 to 1.29)	1.19 (1.12 to 1.27)	1.24 (1.15 to 1.33)
No job, basic education	1.37 (1.22 to 1.54)	1.51 (1.35 to 1.70)	1.57 (1.41 to 1.75)	1.45 (1.35 to 1.55)	1.56 (1.44 to 1.68)
Paternal educational and occupational status
In job, more than basic education	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
In job, basic education	1.03 (0.93 to 1.13)	1.06 (0.97 to 1.17)	1.13 (1.03 to 1.24)	1.15 (1.09 to 1.22)	1.15 (1.09 to 1.23)
No job, more than basic education	1.05 (0.90 to 1.23)	1.01 (0.86 to 1.19)	1.12 (0.96 to 1.31)	1.28 (1.16to 1.41)	1.22 (1.09 to 1.36)
No job, basic education	0.97 (0.82 to 1.16)	1.19 (1–01 to 1.40)	1.24 (1.06 to 1.46)	1.29 (1.16 to 1.43)	1.31 (1.16to 1.46)
Household income (in fractiles)
< 1%	3.69 (2.82 to 4.83)	3.19 (2.41 to 4.22)	1.82 (1.35 to 2.45)	2.09 (1.74 to 2.51)	2.07 (1.71 to 2.51)
1–4.9%	1.47 (1.18 to 1.82)	1.65 (1.34 to 2.05)	1.61 (1.32 to 1.96)	1.39 (1.23 to 1.57)	1.64 (1.44 to 1.87)
5–24.9%	1.13 (0.99 to 1.29)	1.27 (1.11 to 1.45)	1.24 (1.09 to 1.41)	1.22 (1.12to 1.31)	1.40 (1.29 to 1.53)
25–49.9%	0.87 (0.78 to 0.97)	0.93 (0.84 to 1.04)	0.94 (0.85 to 1.05)	0.98 (0,92 to 1,04)	1.10 (1.02 to 1.17)
50–74.9%	0.89 (0.81 to 0.99)	0.87 (0.78 to 0.97)	0.90 (0.81 to 1.00)	0.89 (0.84 to 0.94)	1.00 (0.93 to 1.07)
75–100%	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00

¹Adjusted for sex of the child, number of older biological siblings, number of hospitalizations, composition of the family, maternal and paternal age, ethnicity and educational and occupational status, and household income.