One-session cognitive behavior treatment for long-term frequent attenders in primary care: randomized controlled trial

Figures & data

Figure 1. Flow chart of the study.

Table 1. Patient characteristics.

Variable	All	Intervention group	Control group	p
	n = 56	n = 32	n = 24
Age Mean (SD)	52.5 (16.8)	52.9 (17.5)	52.2 (16.3)	ns
Female n (%)	47 (83.9)	26 (81.3)	21 (87.5)	ns
Living in a couple relationship n (%)	27 (48.2)	11 (34.4)	16 (66.7)	<.05
Unemployed n (%)	2 (3.6)	1 (3.1)	1 (4.2)	ns
Unable to work because of chronic illness n (%)	17 (30.4)	8 (25.0)	9 (37.5)	ns
Years of education median (IQR)	12.0 (6.0)	12.0 (6.0)	12.0 (5.0)	ns
Depressive disorder n (%)	15 (26.8)	8 (25)	7(29.2)	ns
Anxiety disorder n (%)	16 (28.6)	10 (31.3)	6 (25.0)	ns
Substance use disorder n (%)	8 (14.3)	3 (9.4)	5 (20.8)	ns
Psychotic disorder n (%)	5 (8.9)	3 (9.4)	2 (8.3)	ns
Somatoform disorder n (%)	7 (12.5)	1 (3.1)	6 (25.0)	< .05
Any mental disorder n (%)	23 (41.1)	12 (37.5)	11 (45.8)	ns
Cardiovascular disorder n (%)	21 (37.5)	11 (34.4)	10 (41.7)	ns
Musculoskeletal disorder n (%)	29 (51.8)	16 (50.0)	13 (54.2)	ns
Pulmonary disorder n (%)	19 (33.9)	12 (37.5)	7 (29.2)	ns
Neurological disorder n (%)	14 (25.0)	5 (15.6)	9 (37.5)	ns
Endocrine disorder n (%)	12 (21.4)	7 (21.9)	5 (20.8)	ns
Gastrointestinal disorder n (%)	10 (17.9)	6 (18.8)	4 (16.7)	ns
Cancer n (%)	4 (7.1)	3 (9.4)	1 (4.2)	ns
Any somatic disorder n (%)	50 (89.3)	28 (87.5)	22 (91.7)	ns
Number of regularly used medications Median (IQR)	4.0 (5.0)	5.0 (5.0)	3.0 (6.75)	ns
BDI (baseline) Mean (SD)	13.0 (10.1)	12.4 (10.5)	13.7 (9.7)	ns
SOC-13 (baseline) Mean (SD)	59.3 (12.5)	59.7 (12.3)	58.7 (13.0)	ns
SCL-SOM (baseline) mean (SD)	5.5 (3.0)	5.5 (3.2)	5.1 (2.8)	ns
WI (baseline) Median (IQR)	4.5 (5.0)	6.0 (7.0)	4.0 (5.0)	ns
GP visits in the year before the study Median (IQR)	11.0 (4.0)	11.0 (5.0)	11.0 (2.0)	ns

Medians are shown if the variable is non-normally distributed.

BDI: Beck Depression Inventory; SOC-13: Orientation to Life Questionnaire; SCL-SOM: somatization subscale of the Symptom Check List 90; WI: Whiteley Index; GP: general practitioner; SD: standard deviation; IQR: interquartile range.

Table 2. Change in Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Orientation to Life Questionnaire (SOC-13), somatization subscale of the Symptom Check List 90 (SCL-SOM), Whiteley Index (WI) and GP visits at baseline (BL) and follow-up (F-U). For GP visits, the baseline score is the number of visits in 2008 and the follow-up score is the number of visits in 2010.

Variable	Intervention group				Control group				P Between groups (regarding change)
	BL	F-U	Change between BL and F-U	P within group	BL	F-U	Change between BL and FU	P within group
BDI				< .05				ns	ns
Mean	12.4	10.8	−2.3		13.7	12.6	−1.0
SD n = 49	10.5	10.6	5.1		9.7	11.1	4.0
SOC-13				ns				< .05	ns
Mean	59.5	60.7	1.1		58.6	63.1	4.5
SD n = 49	12.9	12.4	8.5		13.4	11.7	9.2
SCL-SOM				ns				ns	ns
Mean	5.6	5.2	−0.4		4.9	4.6	−0.3
SD n = 47	3.2	2.9	2.4		2.7	3.1	2.6
WI				ns				ns	ns
Median	6.0	3.5	0.0		4.0	4.5	1.0
IQR n = 45	7.0	7.25	3.0		5.0	4.75	3.0
GP visits				< .001				< .05	ns
Median	11.0	7.0	−5.0		11.0	7.5	−4.0
IQR n = 56	5.0	6.5	5.0		2.0	6.75	3.75

For the other variables, baseline is the first interview followed by the 6-month follow-up.

SD: standard deviation; IQR: interquartile range.