Line of therapy and patient preferences regarding lung cancer treatment: a discrete-choice experiment

Figures & data

Figure 1. Example of choice task.

Table 1. Patient characteristics by number of lines of therapy.

Variable	Lines of therapy		p-Value
	1 or fewer (N = 196)	2 or more (N = 270)
Demographic characteristics
Female	75.1%	73.9%	.78
Age	59.2 (12.3)	57.3 (13.4)	.13
Hispanic	7.4%	9.9%	.35
White	83.7%	84.0%	.94
Primary language is English	98.4%	99.2%	.42
Armed Forces	12.1%	10.3%	.56
Married/domestic partnership	66.3%	70.1%	.39
Has children	80.5%	81.5%	.79
Highest level of education is high school/GED or less	10.0%	5.4%	.06
Unemployed	4.8%	3.5%	.49
Annual household income more than $75,000	39.5%	41.8%	.63
City/town population less than 2,500	10.7%	4.7%	.02
Clinical characteristics
Years since diagnosis	4.4 (4.0)	5.1 (3.4)	.04
Chronic conditions at diagnosis	27.6%	27.4%	.97
Adenocarcinoma	51.0%	61.1%	.03
Stage at diagnosis			<.001
Stage I/II	45.7%	25.8%
Stage III/IV	54.3%	74.2%
Current stage			<.001
No evidence of disease	66.1%	28.1%
Stage I/II	7.9%	9.2%
Stage III/IV	26.1%	62.7%
Actionable biomarker present*	29.6%	47.8%	<.001
Private Health Insurance	65.6%	66.8%	.79
Medicare/Medicaid	36.3%	44.8%	.07
Other health Insurance	9.1%	9.6%	.85
No health Insurance	2.7%	0.8%	.11
Clinical trial participation	8.2%	28.9%	<.001
Doctor-led decision making style	18.4%	9.3%	.004
Personality characteristics
Optimistic	80.4%	80.1%	.93
Self-control	79.4%	77.4%	.62
Improving health	86.8%	80.1%	.06
Risk taker	37.0%	51.3%	.003
Good with numbers	70.9%	71.3%	.93

*Actionable biomarkers include ALK, BRAF, EFGR, NTRK, ROS1.

Figure 2. Aggregate preferences: mean preference weights with 95% confidence interval and standard deviation of preference distribution.

Figure 3. Stratified mixed logit results. *p<.05; **p<.01; ***p<.001

Table 2. Mixed logit results stratified by LOT.

Attribute	Level		LOT ≤ 1 (N = 196) coefficient	LOT ≥ 2 (N = 270) coefficient	p-Value
Progression free survival	12 Months	Mean	0 (0.17)	0 (0.13)
		SD	1.53 (0.19)***	1.57 (0.14)***
	18 Months	Mean	1.78 (0.09)***	1.5 (0.07)***	.017
		SD	−0.12 (0.17)	0.12 (0.13)
	24 Months	Mean	2.55 (0.14)***	3.11 (0.13)***	.004
		SD	−1.4 (0.25)***	1.69 (0.2)***
Short-term side effects	Mild	Mean	0 (0.14)	0 (0.1)
		SD	0.95 (0.15)***	0.85 (0.11)***
	Moderate	Mean	−0.91 (0.09)***	−0.34 (0.08)***	<.001
		SD	0.32 (0.14)*	0.89 (0.13)***
	Severe	Mean	−2.41 (0.15)***	−2.53 (0.13)***	.532
		SD	−1.27 (0.21)***	1.73 (0.19)***
Long-term side effects	None	Mean	0 (0.11)	0 (0.08)
		SD	0.61 (0.17)***	0.47 (0.11)***
	Mild	Mean	−0.42 (0.09)***	−0.22 (0.08)**	.092
		SD	0.23 (0.21)	0.52 (0.12)***
	Moderate	Mean	−1.68 (0.13)***	−1.28 (0.09)***	.012
		SD	−0.84 (0.26)**	0.99 (0.16)***
Risk of late-onset side effects	10%	Mean	0 (0.1)	0 (0.08)
		SD	0.97 (0.14)***	0.7 (0.11)***
	20%	Mean	−0.33 (0.09)***	−0.22 (0.07)**	.333
		SD	0.63 (0.17)***	0.06 (0.18)
	30%	Mean	−1.33 (0.12)***	−0.78 (0.08)***	<.001
		SD	−1.6 (0.25)***	0.76 (0.2)***
Mode of administration	Pills daily anytime	Mean	0.5 (0.09)***	0.62 (0.07)***	.305
		SD	−0.49 (0.17)**	0.14 (0.14)
	Pills daily without food	Mean	0.31 (0.09)***	0.37 (0.07)***	.572
		SD	0.31 (0.16)*	0.31 (0.1)**
	Infusion every 3 weeks	Mean	0 (0.09)	0 (0.08)
		SD	0.18 (0.22)	0.16 (0.18)
ASC		Mean	−6.35 (0.69)***	−5.56 (0.48)***	.346
		SD	4.44 (0.52)***	3.72 (0.33)***

Standard errors (SEs) are denoted in parentheses; *p<.05; **p<.01; ***p<.001.

Figure 4. Healthy month equivalents. *p<.05; **p<.01; ***p<.001; PFS- progression free survival

Figure 5. Debriefing items stratified by LOT. *p<.05; **p<.01; ***p<.001