Non-isothermal drying kinetics of human feces

Figures & data

Table 1. Moisture content of the samples as determined by TGA at 10 K/min.

Sample ID	Amount of HF (wt.%)	m (wt.%, arb)
BSC2-20	20	14.5
BSC2-40	40	15.9
BSC2-60	60	21.1
BSC2-80	80	25.2
BSC2	100	53.8
BSC4-20	20	8.6
BSC4-40	40	20.6
BSC4-60	60	31.8
BSC4-80	80	43.6
BSC4	100	56.9
BSC5-20	20	9.8
BSC5-40	40	18.4
BSC5-60	60	33.2
BSC5-80	80	44.9
BSC5	100	62.4
WB	0	8.9

Figure 1. The non-isothermal drying curves of HF (BSC2, BSC4, and BSC5) at 1 K/min: (a) moisture ratio vs. time, (b) moisture ratio vs. temperature, and (c) drying rate vs. moisture content.

Figure 2. The non-isothermal drying curves of HF (BSC2, BSC4, and BSC5) at 10 K/min: (a) moisture ratio vs. time, (b) moisture ratio vs. temperature, and (c) drying rate vs. moisture content.

Figure 3. Non-isothermal drying curves for HF–WB blends and in comparison, with HF and WB at 10 K/min with respect to moisture ratio vs. moisture content: (a) BSC2, (b) BSC4, and (c) BSC5.

Figure 4. Activation energy, E_a, distribution at different conversion degrees, α (OFW method).

Table 2. Non-isothermal drying parameters of human feces by CR method.

Heating rate (K/min)	Sample	α	g(α)	R^2	Ea (kJ/mol)	A (K^2/min)
10	BSC2	0.15–0.20	[1 − (1 − α)^1/3]^2	0.998	45.91	10^4.8
		0.20–0.40		0.988	25.94	10^1.1
		0.40–0.70	α^2	0.940	21.55	10^1.4
	BSC4	0.20–0.25	[1 − (1 − α)^1/3]^2	0.999	70.69	10^9.8
		0.25–0.35		0.997	50.16	10^6.2
		0.35–0.45		0.997	34.85	10^3.5
		0.45–0.65		0.995	22.29	10^1.4
		0.65–0.90		0.942	19.06	10^0.8
	BSC5	0.20–0.25	[1 − (1 − α)^1/3]^2	0.999	44.57	10^4.8
		0.25–0.45		0.991	25.94	10^1.6
		0.45–0.75	α^2	0.929	20.49	10^0.7
5	BSC2	0.15–0.20	[–ln (1 − α)]^1/4	0.698	72.10	10^11.7
		0.20–0.40	[–ln (1 − α)]^1/2	0.985	22.81	10^2.8
		0.40–0.70	−ln (1 − α)	0.980	19.49	10^2.0
		0.70–0.95	[1 − (1 − α)^1/3]^2	0.980	11.88	10^−0.4
	BSC4	0.20–0.25	[1 − (1 − α)^1/3]^2	0.999	90.12	10^12.7
		0.25–0.35		0.997	62.13	10^7.9
		0.35–0.45		0.998	41.46	10^4.4
		0.45–0.65		0.993	22.29	10^1.4
		0.65–0.90		0.974	20.80	10^0.8
	BSC5	0.20–0.25	α^3/2	0.998	96.56	10^15.3
		0.25–0.45	−ln (1 − α)	0.990	41.24	10^5.9
		0.45–0.75	(1 − α) ln (1 − α) + α	0.966	24.78	10^2.4
		0.75–0.90	[1 − (1 − α)^1/3]^2	0.988	9.77	10^−0.7
1	BSC2	0.15–0.20	[−ln (1 − α)]^1/2	0.998	57.71	10^8.3
		0.20–0.40		0.987	30.21	10^3.4
		0.40–0.70	1 − (1 − α)^1/2	0.968	20.24	10^1.1
		0.70–0.95	[1 − (1 − α)^1/3]^2	0.981	12.37	10^−0.9
	BSC4	0.20–0.25	[−ln (1 − α)]^1/2	0.999	144.03	10^23.7
		0.25–0.35		0.997	99.14	10^15.9
		0.35–0.45		0.998	66.20	10^10.1
		0.45–0.65		0.993	39.28	10^5.3
		0.65–0.90		0.964	14.69	10^−21.8
	BSC5	0.20–0.25	α^1/3	0.998	88.43	10^14.0
		0.25–0.45	[−ln (1 − α)]^1/4	0.988	41.07	10^5.6
		0.45–0.75	[−ln (1 − α)]^1/3	0.968	18.66	10^1.5
		0.75–0.90	[1 − (1 − α)^1/3]^2	0.958	24.01	10^1.6