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Chronobiology International
The Journal of Biological and Medical Rhythm Research
Volume 41, 2024 - Issue 4
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Original Article

The impact of sleep education, light intervention and relaxation on sleep and mood in the elderly

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Pages 567-576 | Received 21 Jun 2023, Accepted 25 Mar 2024, Published online: 11 Apr 2024

Figures & data

Figure 1. Participant recruitment.

Figure 1. Participant recruitment.

Figure 2. Diagram of sleep and light education, relaxation training and wearing blue light blocking glasses.

Figure 2. Diagram of sleep and light education, relaxation training and wearing blue light blocking glasses.

Figure 3. Comparison of questionnaire results before and after education.

Data are presented as means and ranked from the most significant changes to the least.
The t-test was used.
SLE = sleep and light education; PSQI = Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; ISI = Insomnia Severity Index; ESS = Epworth Sleepiness Scale; BDI-II = Beck Depression Inventory II; STAI = Stress and Anxiety Inventory
*p – value < 0.05. **p – value < 0.001
Figure 3. Comparison of questionnaire results before and after education.

Figure 4. Comparison of actigraphy-derived metrics before and after education.

Data are presented as means. Sleep latency was measured in minutes, while Sleep fragmentation and Sleep efficiency represent relative percentages. SLE = sleep and light education. p < 0.05
Figure 4. Comparison of actigraphy-derived metrics before and after education.

Table 1. Demographic and clinical characteristics of the participants. Data are presented as means. BMI = body mass index; PMR = progressive muscle relaxation.

Supplemental material

Supplemental Material

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