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Ophthalmology

COVID-19 pandemic and ophthalmological emergencies: a case-control analysis of the impact of lockdowns in a University Hospital in Lombardy region, Italy

, , , , , , , & show all
Article: 2248882 | Received 27 May 2022, Accepted 13 Aug 2023, Published online: 24 Aug 2023

Figures & data

Figure 1. Total number of consultations to the ophthalmological emergency department according to the studied period.

Figure 1. Total number of consultations to the ophthalmological emergency department according to the studied period.

Figure 2. (A) Number of consultations according to age during the study periods. (B) Number of consultations according to sex during the study periods (M: males; F: females).

Figure 2. (A) Number of consultations according to age during the study periods. (B) Number of consultations according to sex during the study periods (M: males; F: females).

Figure 3. Percentage of non-deferrable and deferrable consultations in 2019 and 2020.

Figure 3. Percentage of non-deferrable and deferrable consultations in 2019 and 2020.

Figure 4. Affected ocular regions upon consultation during the selected periods. The anterior segment was the most involved in all consultations in 2019 (67.33%) and 2020 (68.11%) (p = .75). The proportion of consultations involving the posterior segment significantly increased from 15.20% in 2019A to 21.26% in 2020A, and from 16.19% in 2019B to 18.94% in 2020B (p value = .04, p value = .30, respectively). The proportion of consultations involving the orbit and annexa did not significantly change between 2019 and 2020 (2019A, 9.76% vs. 2020A, 8.21%; 2019B, 12.26% vs. 2020B, 8.97%). The proportion of consultations involving for neuro-ophthalmology decreased from 2.46% in 2019 to 1.77% in 2020 (2019A, 2.56% vs. 2020A, 1.935; 2019B, 2.36% vs. 2020B, 1.66%). The proportion of consultations involving for other ocular regions also decreased from 3.68% in 2019A to 1.45% in 2020A, and from 3.30% in 2019B to 1.66% in 2020B.

Figure 4. Affected ocular regions upon consultation during the selected periods. The anterior segment was the most involved in all consultations in 2019 (67.33%) and 2020 (68.11%) (p = .75). The proportion of consultations involving the posterior segment significantly increased from 15.20% in 2019A to 21.26% in 2020A, and from 16.19% in 2019B to 18.94% in 2020B (p value = .04, p value = .30, respectively). The proportion of consultations involving the orbit and annexa did not significantly change between 2019 and 2020 (2019A, 9.76% vs. 2020A, 8.21%; 2019B, 12.26% vs. 2020B, 8.97%). The proportion of consultations involving for neuro-ophthalmology decreased from 2.46% in 2019 to 1.77% in 2020 (2019A, 2.56% vs. 2020A, 1.935; 2019B, 2.36% vs. 2020B, 1.66%). The proportion of consultations involving for other ocular regions also decreased from 3.68% in 2019A to 1.45% in 2020A, and from 3.30% in 2019B to 1.66% in 2020B.

Figure 5. Incidence of traumatic and non-traumatic pathologies. (A) Number of events (2019 vs. 2020: p value <.0001); (B) relative percentages of events (traumatic events: 2019B vs. 2020B, p = .03).

Figure 5. Incidence of traumatic and non-traumatic pathologies. (A) Number of events (2019 vs. 2020: p value <.0001); (B) relative percentages of events (traumatic events: 2019B vs. 2020B, p = .03).

Figure 6. Incidence of traumatic and non-traumatic events in female patients.

Figure 6. Incidence of traumatic and non-traumatic events in female patients.

Data availability statement

Data available on request from the authors.