Moderating role of family functioning and resource support in the relationship between career calling and academic burnout among Chinese medical students during the controlled COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study

Figures & data

Table 1. Demographic characteristics of participants (N = 3614) and univariate analysis of factors related to academic burnout.

		Academic burnout	p-value
Variable	Number of participants n(%)	(Mean ± SD)	(by t-test/one-way Anova)
Sex			<0.001
Male	925 (25.59)	3.17 ± 1.21
Female	2689 (74.41)	3.33 ± 1.15
Major			<0.001
Basic medicine	148 (4.10)	3.14 ± 1.13
Clinical medicine	1238 (34.26)	3.29 ± 1.24
Stomatology	229 (6.34)	3.72 ± 1.28
Public health and preventive medicine	171 (4.73)	3.28 ± 1.14
Pharmacy	562 (15.55)	3.10 ± 1.08
Medical technology	424 (11.73)	3.28 ± 1.07
Nursing	534 (14.77)	3.44 ± 1.10
Others	308 (8.52)	3.15 ± 1.11
Academic performance ranking			0.024
Top	616 (17.04)	3.08 ± 1.15
Middle and higher	1017 (28.14)	3.27 ± 1.14
Middle	1305 (36.11)	3.27 ± 1.15
Middle and lower	455 (12.59)	3.53 ± 1.16
Bottom	221 (6.12)	3.58 ± 1.33
Monthly living expenses			0.028
<1000 yuan	302 (8.36)	3.13 ± 1.07
1001–1500 yuan	1649 (45.63)	3.23 ± 1.14
1501–2000 yuan	1149 (31.79)	3.37 ± 1.19
>2000 yuan	514 (14.22)	3.39 ± 1.25
Physical health			<0.001
Very poor	11 (0.30)	4.95 ± 1.45
Poor	139 (3.85)	3.75 ± 1.28
Average	1200 (33.20)	3.66 ± 1.18
Good	1783 (49.34)	3.16 ± 1.05
Very good	481 (13.31)	2.67 ± 1.13
Sleep quality			<0.001
Very poor	43 (1.19)	4.58 ± 1.67
Poor	256 (7.08)	4.21 ± 1.20
Average	1172 (32.43)	3.63 ± 1.08
Good	1585 (43.86)	3.09 ± 1.01
Very good	558 (15.44)	2.62 ± 1.14

Table 2. Correlations among continuous variables.

Variables	Mean ± SD	1	2	3	4
Resource support	4.00 ± 0.75	1
Career calling	3.72 ± 0.70	0.268**	1
Academic burnout	3.29 ± 1.17	−0.217**	−0.228**	1
Family functioning	1.51 ± 0.50	0.202**	0.282**	−0.248**	1

Note: ^∗∗p < 0.01 (two-tailed).

Figure 1. Simple slope plot of the interaction between career calling and family functioning on academic burnout.

Figure 2. Simple slope plot of the interaction between career calling and resource support on academic burnout.

Table 3. Hierarchical multiple regression results of academic burnout among medical students (N = 3614).

Variable	Step1 (β)	Step2 (β)	Step3 (β)	Step4 (β)	Step5 (β)
Control variables
Sex	0.065	0.068	0.066	0.061	0.060*
Major	0.009**	0.003*	0.003**	−0.005**	−0.007**
Academic performance ranking	0.072	0.052	0.051	0.056	0.056
Monthly living expenses	0.095	0.097	0.097	0.093	0.093
Physical health	−0.132**	0.105**	−0.105**	−0.109**	−0.109**
Sleep quality	−0.322**	−0.281**	−0.278**	−0.289**	−0.289**
Independent variable
Career calling		−0.112**	0.026*	−0.116**	0.119*
Moderator variables
Resource support				−0.110**	0.116*
Family functioning		−0.128**	0.113*
Interactions
Resource support × career calling					−0.370**
Family functioning × career calling			−0.315**
F	100.504**	73.66**	10.758**	66.107**	10.241**
Adjusted R²	0.181	0.212	0.214	0.209	0.211
ΔR²	0.182	0.032	0.002	0.029	0.002

Note: ^∗p < 0.05; ^∗∗p < 0.01; β is the normalized regression coefficient.

Data avalibility statement

The datasets generated for this study are available on request to the corresponding author.