https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6711-5860
Figures & data
Figure 1. Longitudinal parasagittal ultrasound image of erector spinae plane block performed at the L1 transverse process. ESM: erector spinae muscle; TP: transverse process; T12: twelfth thoracic vertebra; L1: first lumbar vertebra; L2: second lumbar vertebra.
Figure 2. A transverse ultrasound image of the sacral hiatus between the two sacral cornua (upward arrow). The downward arrow indicates the sacrococcygeal ligament.
Figure 3. Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) flow diagram. ESPB: erector spinae plane block.
Table 1. Demographic and clinical characteristics of participants.
Figure 4. The proportion of participants who did not receive rescue analgesia. Cross marks represent that follow-up was censored at 24 hours postoperatively. ESPB: erector spinae plane block; HR: hazard ratio; CI: confidence interval.
Figure 5. FLACC pain scores during the postoperative 24 h. Data are mean with error bars showing standard deviation. A linear mixed model showed that the FLACC scale was significantly lower in the ESPB group than in the caudal group at 6, 8, and 12 hours postoperatively (p < .001, p < .001, and p = .001, respectively). ESPB: erector spinae plane block; FLACC: face, legs, activity, cry, and consolability.
Table 2. Secondary outcomes.
Supplemental Material
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The data and materials supporting the results or analyses presented in this paper are available upon reasonable request.