Value of modified qSOFA, glucose and lactate in predicting prognosis in children with sepsis in the PICU

Figures & data

Table 1. The age-adjusted modified qSOFA score.

	CRT	RR	HR	AVPU
0 point	<3 s	≤95th centile age-specific thresholds	≤95th centile age-specific thresholds	Alert
1 point	≥3 s	>95th centile age-specific thresholds	>95th centile age-specific thresholds	VPU

Table 2. The age-specific cut-off values of RR and HR (the 95th percentile).

Age group	Heart rate, beats/min		Respiratory rate, breath/min
	Tachycardia	Bradycardia
0 days to 1 week	>180	<100	>50
1 week to 1 month	>180	<100	>40
1 month to 1 year	>180	<90	>34
2–5 year	>140	NA	>22
6–12 year	>130	NA	>18
13–18 year	>110	NA	>14

Table 3. The patient characteristics, clinical outcomes, and scores.

Characteristics	Total	Survival group	Death group	p
N	100	48	52	–
Age (months)	12 (6, 56)	13.5 (4.5, 61.75)	12 (6.25, 36.75)	.989
Male sex, n (%)	50 (50%)	29 (60.41%)	21 (40.38%)	.045
Age-adjusted modified qSOFA scores				<0.001
0, n (%)	23 (23%)	17 (35.42%)	7 (13.46%)
1, n (%)	26 (26%)	15 (31.25%)	12 (23.08%)
2, n (%)	32 (32%)	14 (29.17%)	16 (30.77%)
3, n (%)	12 (12%)	1 (2.08%)	11 (21.15%)
4, n (%)	7 (7%)	1 (2.08%)	6 (11.54%)
Serum lactate (mmol/L)	2.4 (1.3,7.1)	1.55 (1.00,3.00)	4.5 (1.78, 13.98)	<.001
Blood glucose (mmol/L)	9.3 (7.2,11.8)	8.00 (6.25,9.78)	10.65 (8.25, 15.30)	<.001

Table 4. The age-adjusted modified qSOFA score of validation set.

Characteristics	Survival group	Death group	p
N	10	10
Age-adjusted modified qSOFA scores			0.001
0, n	5	0
1, n	5	3
2, n	0	3
3, n	0	1
4, n	0	3
Serum lactate (mmol/L)	2.05 (1.68, 2.45)	4.75 (2.65, 11.50)	.007
Blood glucose (mmol/L)	7.60 (5.57, 8.20)	11.5 (8.15, 15.42)	.002

Figure 1. ROC curve of age-adjusted modified qSOFA score, serum lactate and blood glucose.

Table 5. The sensitivities, specificities and cut-off values.

	Cut-off values	Sensitivities	Specificities	Youden’s index	PPV	NPV
Age-adjusted modified qSOFA scores	>1	63.46%	66.67%	0.3013	62.75%	67.35%
Serum lactate	>3.8 mmol/L	53.85%	85.42%	0.3926	63.08%	80.00%
Blood glucose	>10 mmol/L	55.77%	81.25%	0.3702	62.90%	76.32%
Combined detection	–	69.23%	83.33%	0.5256	–	–

Data availability statement

The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.