Are exposure to cytomegalovirus and genetic variation on chromosome 6p joint risk factors for schizophrenia?

Figures & data

Table I. Family‐based association analyses of subgroups of probands defined by seropositivity to four infectious agents.

Marker	Inter‐marker distance (kb)	HLA Class	All cases (n = 151)	CMV+ (n = 27)	HSV1+ (n = 58)	TOX+ (n = 10)	HSV2+ (n = 16)
D6S1663	711	–	0.3472	0.1381	0.6434	0.6805	0.4191
D6S1660	268	–	0.9337	0.1466	0.9106	0.8633	0.8483
D6S461	343	–	0.1748	0.9198	0.9106	1.0000	0.7219
D6S1691	919	–	0.8166	0.8358	0.4346	0.7888	0.6336
D6S1554	120	–	0.2862	0.8873	0.1097	0.6939	0.3803
D6S1571	19	–	0.311	0.369	0.9660	0.3514	0.8050
D6S1545	513	–	0.1398	0.6947	0.7718	0.7785	0.0785
D6S1621	3525	–	0.6419	0.4628	0.6278	1.00	0.9263
D6S258	918	–	0.7036	1.0000	0.2768	1.00	0.4938
D6S510	407	I	0.6142	0.0768	0.8719	1.00	1.0000
D6S2702	673	I	0.5508	0.2476	0.6717	1.00	0.6452
D6S2694	188	I	0.2378	0.2871	0.7010	0.5172	0.1701
D6S2676	261	I	0.5727	0.2567	0.3269	0.5581	0.9690
D6S2672	106	I	0.3032	0.0085	0.7066	0.7012	0.4766
D6S2671	106	III	0.2458	0.3109	0.5260	1.0000	0.3005
D6S273	407	III	0.4209	0.6978	0.5899	0.6696	0.3616
D6S2669	280	III	0.5418	0.4984	0.2927	0.3779	0.4245
D6S2665	336	II	0.7437	0.6367	0.5166	0.1349	0.2805
D6S2660	169	II	0.0812	0.6246	0.2980	0.1566	0.2287
D6S2657	3332	II	0.8898	0.1184	0.7828	0.2880	1.0000
D6S291	7865	–	0.7648	0.9478	0.2987	0.4756	0.4038
D6S1650	–	–	0.2028	0.4755	0.0862	0.3505	0.6916

CMV+, HSV1+, HSV2+, TOX+ = subgroups of probands with elevated antibodies to the respective infectious agent.

The physical distances for STRPs are based on the starting sequence for each marker. Values presented are uncorrected P‐values.

Table II. Antibody status among members of simplex and multiplex families.

Antibody status	Parents and offspring:
	CMV		HSV1		HSV2		TOX
	S	M	S	M	S	M	S	M
−	254 (72.5)	60 (61.86)	178 (49.14)	47 (48.45)	317 (90.57)	77 (79.38)	323 (92.29)	82 (84.54)
+	96 (27.43)	37 (38.14)	172 (49.14)	50 (51.55)	33 (9.43)	20 (20.62)	27 (7.71)	15 (15.46)
	Affected offspring only:
	CMV		HSV1		HSV2		TOX
	S	M	S	M	S	M	S	M
−	104 (84.55)	52 (65.00)	85 (69.11)	42 (52.50)	114 (92.68)	63 (78.75)	114 (92.68)	68 (85.00)
+	19 (15.45)	28 (35.00)	38 (30.89)	38 (47.50)	9 (7.32)	17 (21.25)	9 (7.32)	12 (15.00)

S = simplex families; M = multiplex families; −/+ = absence/presence of elevated serum antibody levels for the respective infectious agent.

Numbers in parentheses indicate percentages.

Table III. Case‐control association analyses of subgroups of probands defined by seropositivity to cytomegalovirus (CMV).

Marker	Inter‐marker distance (kb)	HLA Class	All cases (n = 151) versus controls (n = 181)	CMV+ cases (n = 27) versus controls (n = 181)	CMV+ cases (n = 27) versus CMV− (n = 124)
D6S1663	711	–	0.0218	0.0066	0.0068
D6S1660	268	–	0.0661	0.1076	0.0385
D6S461	343	–	0.9833	0.9377	0.962
D6S1691	919	–	0.0735	0.0552	0.1177
D6S1554	120	–	0.4826	0.3223	0.4994
D6S1571	19	–	0.209	0.3048	0.1913
D6S1545	513	–	0.0691	0.6780	0.0813
D6S1621	3525	–	0.6771	0.6780	0.5514
D6S258	918	–	0.2638	0.6703	0.3347
D6S510	407	I	0.5441	0.6554	0.3914
D6S2702	673	I	0.1366	0.7792	0.1273
D6S2694	188	I	0.0112	0.0175	0.1921
D6S2676	261	I	0.0086	0.1325	0.0109
D6S2672	106	I	0.0009	0.0179	0.0598
D6S2671	106	III	0.8033	0.5424	0.9302
D6S273	407	III	0.7312	0.9618	0.7197
D6S2669	280	III	0.4458	0.7928	0.4674
D6S2665	336	II	0.7738	0.8293	0.8926
D6S2660	169	II	0.2466	0.901	0.268
D6S2657	3332	II	0.0034	0.7738	0.0043
D6S291	7865	–	0.3637	0.076	0.2471
D6S1650	–	–	0.8821	0.3816	0.5788

CMV+/CMV− = subgroup of probands with/without elevated CMV antibodies.

The physical distances for STRPs are based on the starting sequence for each marker. Values presented are uncorrected P‐values.

Figure 1. Plot of BARS spline fit of summary statistics for STRP D6S258 to D6S2657. CMV+/CMV−: subgroup of probands with/without elevated CMV antibodies. The Bayesian Adaptive Regression Splines (BARS) test fits a spline to the set of summary statistics, one for each STRP, and then tests whether the spline has a significant mode (i.e. populations are differentiated at the tested STRPs). Contrasts of allele distributions for CMV+ patients versus controls (Figure 1A) and CMV+ versus CMV− patients (Figure 1B) were both significant for markers D6S258 to D6S2657.