Does the renin-angiotensin system also regulate intra-ocular pressure?

Figures & data

Table

ACE	angiotensin-converting enzyme
ACE2	angiotensin-converting enzyme-related carboxypeptidase
Ang I,II,III,IV	angiotensin I,II,III,IV
Ang (1-10)	angiotensin (1-10) = Ang I
Ang (1-8)	angiotensin (1-8) = Ang II
Ang (2-8)	angiotensin (2-8) = Ang III
Ang (3-8)	angiotensin (3-8) = Ang IV
Ang (1-9)	angiotensin (1-9)
Ang (1-7)	angiotensin (1-7)
Ang (1-5)	angiotensin (1-5)
Ang (3-7)	angiotensin (3-7)
ARB	angiotensin type 1 receptor blocker
AT1	angiotensin II receptor type 1
AT2	angiotensin II receptor type 2
AT4	angiotensin II receptor type 4
IOP	intra-ocular pressure
Mas receptor	Ang (1-7) receptor type
RAAS	renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
RAS	renin-angiotensin system

Figure 1.  Tissue RAS-angiotensin synthesis pathways. (ACE = angiotensin-converting enzyme; ACE2 = angiotensin-converting enzyme-related carboxypeptidase; Ang I,II,III,IV = angiotensin I,II,III,IV; Ang (1-10) = angiotensin (1-10); Ang (1-8) = angiotensin (1-8); Ang (2-8) = angiotensin (2-8); Ang (3-8) = angiotensin (3-8); Ang (1-9) = angiotensin (1-9); Ang (1-7) = angiotensin (1-7); Ang (1-5) = angiotensin (1-5); Ang (3-7) = angiotensin (3-7); AT1 = angiotensin II type 1 receptor; AT2 = angiotensin II type 2 receptor; AT4 = angiotensin II type 4 receptor; AP = aminopeptidase (-A,-N,-M,-B); B1/B2 = bradykinin receptors; CAGE = chymostatin-sensitive Ang II generating enzyme; Mas receptor = Ang (1-7) receptor type; Nep = neprilysin; PEP = prolyl endopeptidase; PCP = prolylcarboxypeptidase; tPA = tissue-type plasminogen activator.)

Table I.  Localization of the RAS components in intra-ocular tissues of different species. For abbreviations, see text.

RAS molecule	Eye part	Species	References
Prorenin	Retina Ciliary body Vitreous body	Human Human Human	Sramek et al. 1988 68 Danser et al. 1989 74
Renin	Retina Ciliary body Choroid Iris Vitreous body Aqueous humour	Human, rabbit Rabbit Human, rabbit Rabbit Human, rabbit Rabbit	Danser et al. 1989 74 Wagner et al. 1996 24 Ramirez et al. 1996 76
Angiotensinogen	Retina Ciliary body Choroid Iris Vitreous body Aqueous humour	Human, rabbit Human, rabbit Human, rabbit Human, rabbit Human, rabbit Rabbit	Sramek et al. 1992 23 Ramirez et al. 1996 76 Wagner et al. 1996 24
ACE1	Retina Ciliary body Choroid Sclera Iris Cornea Vitreous body Aqueous humour Tear fluid	Dog, monkey, human, rabbit, porcine Human, rabbit, porcine Dog, monkey, human, rabbit, porcine Dog, monkey Rabbit, porcine Human Dog, monkey, rabbit Human, dog, monkey, rabbit Human, rabbit	Vita et al. 1981 98 Weinreb et al. 1985 99 Ramirez et al. 1996 76 Wagner et al. 1996 24 Shiota et al. 1997 70 Geng et al. 2003 75 Savaskan et al. 2004 25
ACE2	Retina	Rodent Human	Tikellis et al. 2004 69 Senanayake et al. 2007 71
Chymase	Choroid Sclera Vitreous body	Dog Dog Human	Shiota et al. 1997 70 Maruichi et al. 2004 100
Ang II receptor type 1	Retina Cornea	Human Human	Savaskan et al. 2004 25 Senanayake et al. 2007 71
Ang II receptor type 2	Retina	Human	Senanayake et al. 2007 71
Ang I	Retina Choroid Vitreous body Aqueous humour	Porcine Porcine Porcine, human Human	Danser et al. 1994 22
Ang II	Retina Ciliary body Choroid Iris Cornea Vitreous body Aqueous humour	Human, porcine, rabbit Human, rabbit Porcine, human, rabbit Rabbit Human Porcine, human, rabbit Human, rabbit	Danser et al. 1994 22 Ramirez et al. 1996 76 Savaskan et al. 2004 25 Senanayake et al. 2007 71
Ang 1-7	Retina	Human	Senanayake et al. 2007 71

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