National Policies Supporting Gender Equality in Academic Careers: Are the “Global Leaders” Doing What It Takes?

Figures & data

Table 1. Constraint and accountability of policy instruments in relation to gender equality strategies.

Light grey indicates inclusion measures, white indicates reversal measures, and dark grey indicates displacement measures.

Table 2. Measures and strategies in Sweden, Norway, and Finland.

Measures	Gender strategy	Sweden	Norway	Finland
1. Hard authority instruments: Legal requirements
Antidiscrimination measures	Inclusion	++	++	++
Transparency in hiring and promotion	Inclusion	+	++	+
2. Soft authority instruments: Plans, activities, and preferential treatment
Equality plans	Can support displacement	+	+	+
Active measures	Can support displacement	+	+	+
Duty to report	Can support displacement	+	++	+
Preferential treatment	Reversal	+	++	no
3. Incentive instruments: Awards and targets
Recruitment premiums & equality awards	Reversal	no	+	no
Targets	Reversal	+	++	+
4. Capacity building instruments: Project funding
Funding of GE projects	Can support displacement	++	+ +	+

no = measure not utilized, + = measure utilized, ++ = measures utilized with more accountability.