Long-Term Efficacy and Safety of Quadruple Therapy in Childhood Diffuse Proliferative Lupus Nephritis

Figures & data

Table 1 Clinical findings of patients with DPLN at presentation

Clinical findings	Number of patients ( %)
Renal	25 (96.2)
Hematologic	20 (76.9)
Arthritis	15 (57.7)
Malar rush	13 (50.0)
Neurologic	9 (34.6)
Serositis	9 (34.6)
Cutaneous	6 (23.1)
Oral ulcers	5 (19.2)
Photosensitivity	3 (11.5)

Table 2 Renal findings of patients with DPLN at presentation (26 patients)

Renal findings	Number of patients ( %)
Proteinuria	22 (84.6)
<40 mg/m2/hr	5 (19.2)
>40 mg/m2/hr	17 (65.4)
Hematuria	19 (73)
Microscopic	11 (42.3)
Macroscopic	8 (30.8)
Hypoalbuminemia	17 (65.4)
Renal failure	16 (61.5)
Transient proteinuria and/or hematuria	3 (11.5)
Normal findings	1 (3.8)

Table 3 Outcome of 19 regularly followed-up patients according to their renal presentation

Renal presentation	Number of patients	Complete remission	Chronic renal failure
Transient proteinuria and/or hematuria or normal	4	4	—
Persistent proteinuria and/or hematuria	2	2	—
Nephrotic syndrome and/or nephritic syndrome without renal failure	3	3	—
Nephrotic syndrome and/or nephritic syndrome with renal failure	10	6	4

Figure 1. Renal survival of patients with DPLN (Kaplan and Meier).

Table 4 Clinical and laboratory findings at presentation affecting the prognosis of 19 regularly followed-up patients

Findings at presentation	Number ofpatients	Complete remission	End stage renal disease	p value
Time of initiation of therapy
0–3 months	13	10	3	p = 0.576
3–6 months	3	3	—	p > 0.5
> 6 months	3	2	1
Hypertension (+)	5	2	3	p = 0.037
Hypertension (−)	14	13	1	p < 0.05
Nephrotic range proteinuria (+)	11	7	4	p = 0.103
Nephrotic range proteinuria (−)	8	8	—	p > 0.05
Hypoalbuminemia (+)	11	7	4	p = 0.103
Hypoalbuminemia (−)	8	8	—	p > 0.05
Renal failure (+)	11	7	4	p = 0.103
Renal failure (−)	8	8	—	p > 0.05
Activity index
0–12/24	14	12	2	p = 0.272
13–24/24	5	3	2	p > 0.05
Chronicity index
0–6/12	15	15	—	p = 0.0
7–12/12	4	—	4	p < 0.01