Current perspectives and trends of the research on hypertensive nephropathy: a bibliometric analysis from 2000 to 2023

Figures & data

Figure 1. Flowchart of publication extraction and an overview of the bibliometric analyses contained in this study. To present a comprehensive overview of the evolution of hypertensive nephropathy, we collected scientific publications from 2000 to 2023 and employed a bibliometric analysis, illustrating retrieved literature from five diverse perspectives, including the publication trends, leading countries/regions, institutions, keywords and references.

Figure 2. Counts and trends related to the publications of hypertensive nephropathy. (a)The annual quantity and trend of publications from 2000 to 2023. (b) The expected trendline of cumulative publications based on the relevant linear calculation. The trendline is in accordance with a second-order polynomial distribution.

Figure 3. Countries contributed to the research of hypertensive nephropathy. (a) Visualized network of all 65 countries/regions, 2000–2023. (b) Circo heatmap displaying annual publications of top five most prolific countries/regions, 2000–2023.

Table 1. The top five most productive countries/regions in the research of hypertensive nephropathy.

Ranking	Country/Region	Count	Centrality	H-index	AC/P
1	China	208	0.12	32	19.45
2	USA	134	0.45	47	52.07
3	Germany	44	0.03	18	32.25
4	Japan	43	0.01	18	24.81
5	Poland	21	0.01	13	20.43

AC/P: average citations/per publication.

Figure 4. Visualized network displaying the collaborative relationships among 698 institutions displayed in CiteSpace, 2000–2023. (a) zoom in presentation of the key institutions. (b) overview of all the institutions.

Table 2. The top eleven most productive institutions in the research of hypertensive nephropathy.

Ranking	Institution	Count	Centrality	H-index	AC/P
1	Veterans Health Administration (VHA)	19	0.10	14	73.42
2	Baylor College of Medicine	12	0.07	9	69.00
3	Charite Universitatsmedizin Berlin	12	0.02	8	17.92
4	Free University of Berlin	12	0.02	8	17.92
5	Humboldt University of Berlin	12	0.02	8	17.92
6	Shanghai Jiao Tong University	12	0.05	7	19.58
7	Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (Inserm)	11	0.08	7	29.09
8	University of Texas System	11	0.09	8	23.27
9	Peking University	10	0.06	6	20.70
10	University of Erlangen Nuremberg	10	0	6	27.00
11	Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine	10	0	6	9.50

AC/P: average citations/per publication.

Figure 5. Keywords in the publications of hypertensive nephropathy. (a) Keyword visualization. (b) Keyword clustering.

Table 3. The top ten most used keywords in the research of hypertensive nephropathy.

Ranking	Keyword	Count	Centrality	Year
1	Hypertensive nephropathy	139	0.15	2002
2	Chronic kidney disease	123	0.18	2003
3	Blood pressure	98	0.28	2002
4	Kidney disease	97	0.14	2003
5	Angiotensin ii	74	0.12	2000
6	Expression	74	0.14	2000
7	Disease	68	0.14	2001
8	Oxidative stress	59	0.07	2011
9	Kidney injury	53	0.08	2002
10	Diabetic nephropathy	46	0.11	2000

Figure 6. The keyword timeline and ridge plot for keyword clusters.

Table 4. Keyword clustering.

Cluster ID	Label	Size	Silhouette	Mean (year)
0	Risk factors	89	0.665	2014
1	Salt-sensitive hypertension	75	0.733	2010
2	Angiotensin ii	69	0.716	2014
3	Hypertensive nephrosclerosis	68	0.765	2008
4	Diabetic nephropathy	61	0.709	2014
5	Calcium channel blockers	42	0.86	2006
6	Tubuloglomerular feedback	41	0.749	2011
7	Hypertensive nephropathy	37	0.727	2012
8	Chronic renal disease	28	0.754	2007
9	Asystasia chelonoide extracts	7	0.981	2022

Figure 7. The top twelve keywords with the strongest citation bursts in the field of hypertensive nephropathy.

Figure 8. The top seven references with the strongest citation bursts in the field of hypertensive nephropathy.

Table 5. The top seven references with the strongest bursts of citations in the research of hypertensive nephropathy.

Ranking	Title	Publication type	Primary research work	PMID
1	Effects of losartan on renal and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and nephropathy	Clinical trial	Angiotensin-II–receptor antagonist losartan has achieved significant renal benefits in patients with type 2 diabetes and nephropathy, and no severe adverse effects were detected.	11565518
2	Long-term renal consequences of hypertension for normal and diseased kidneys	Review	This review systemically discusses the pathogenesis of hypertensive renal injury and impact of antihypertensives in renal damage.	11753090
3	Long-term effects of renin-angiotensin system-blocking therapy and a low blood pressure goal on progression of hypertensive chronic kidney disease in African Americans	Article	This study investigates the long-term effects of antihypertensive drugs in 1094 African Americans with hypertensive chronic kidney disease (CKD). Despite the benefit of therapy, most African Americans with hypertensive CKD continue to progress in the long-term follow up.	18443258
4	Association of trypanolytic ApoL1 variants with kidney disease in African Americans	Article	In this study, two trypanolytic APOL1 variants have been founded in African Americans, while these two variants were absent in European origin. The African specific variants may contribute to the higher rates of renal disease in African Americans.	20647424
5	Inflammation, immunity, and hypertensive end-organ damage	Review	This paper demonstrates the role of oxidative stress and immune activation in hypertension, revealing how the innate and adaptive immune systems participate in hypertension and end-organ damage.	25767287
6	Hypertensive nephropathy. Moving from classic to emerging pathogenetic mechanisms	Review	This article focuses on the novel mechanisms underlying renal damage in hypertensive kidney disease and discusses the therapeutic implications of viable podocytes or podocyte-derived proteins.	27782909
7	Hypertensive Kidney Injury and the Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease	Review	This study provides an overview of the use experimental models to elucidate the unresolved mechanisms of hypertensive renal damage.	28760941