The clinical evaluation of the triglyceride-glucose index as a risk factor for coronary artery disease and severity of coronary artery stenosis in patients with chronic kidney disease

Figures & data

Table 1. Baseline features of the non-CAD and CAD groups.

Variables	Non-CAD (n = 223)	CAD (n = 720)	p Value
Age (years)	70.96 ± 8.78	74.42 ± 8.42	<0.001
Male (%)	75(33.63%)	379(52.64%)	<0.001
Smoking history (%)	25(11.21%)	178(24.72%)	<0.001
Alcohol intake history (%)	10(4.48%)	50(6.94%)	0.188
Hypertension (%)	147(65.92%)	587(81.53%)	<0.001
Diabetes mellitus (%)	33(14.80%)	251(34.86%)	<0.001
Body mass index, kg/m^2	25.06(22.51–28.40)	24.76(22.67–27.27)	0.222
UA, mg/mL	362.00(295.00–432.00)	395.00(329.25–481.00)	<0.001
Ca, mmol/L	2.30(2.21–2.39)	2.27(2.17–2.37)	0.047
P, mmol/L	1.19(1.07–1.30)	1.19(1.05–1.33)	0.369
FBG, mg/dL	95.76(87.30–103.32)	102.60(92.03–126.00)	<0.001
TG, mg/dL	24.48(17.82–34.56)	26.28(18.72–35.64)	0.204
TC, mmol/L	4.21(3.71–4.94)	4.25(3.55–4.99)	0.719
HDL-C, mmol/L	1.21 ± 0.32	1.14 ± 0.28	0.003
LDL-C, mmol/L	2.67(2.10–3.06)	2.62(2.02–3.16)	0.813
Alb, g/L	40.76 ± 3.59	39.32 ± 4.31	<0.001
Hb, g/L	131.00(120.00–142.00)	129.00(116.00–140.00)	0.110
eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m^2	53.38(46.36–57.32)	49.00(41.07–55.27)	<0.001
CKD stage
CKD3a, 45 ≤ eGFR < 60	173(77.58%)	457(63.47%)	<0.001
CKD3b, 30 ≤ eGFR < 45	45(20.18%)	203(28.20%)	0.018
CKD4–5, eGFR < 30	5(2.24%)	60(8.33%)	0.002
TyG index	7.11 ± 0.61	7.29 ± 0.63	<0.001

CAD: coronary heart disease; UA: uric acid; Ca: blood calcium; P: blood phosphorus; FBG: fasting blood glucose; TG: triglyceride; TC: total cholesterol; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; Alb: albumin; Hb: hemoglobin; Fib: fibrinogen; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; CKD: chronic kidney disease; TyG index: triglyceride glucose index

Table 2. Baseline data of the Gensini score group.

Variables	Low score (n = 316)	Medium score (n = 320)	High score (n = 307)
Age (years)	71.74 ± 8.63	74.37 ± 8.25*	74.72 ± 8.71*
Male (%)	107(33.86%)	162(50.63%)	185(60.26%)
Smoking history (%)	43(13.61%)	80(25.00%)	80(26.06%)
Alcohol intake history (%)	16(5.06%)	29(9.06%)	15(4.89%)
Hypertension (%)	219(69.30%)	262(81.88%)	251(81.76%)
Diabetes mellitus (%)	48(15.19%)	106(33.13%)	130(42.35%)
Body mass index, kg/m^2	25.00(22.86–28.04)	24.91(22.69–27.53)	24.44(22.06–26.67)
UA, mg/mL	364.00(301.25–436.50)	387.00(320.50–457.75)	419.00(347.00–514.00)^*#
Ca, mmol/L	2.30(2.21–2.39)	2.29(2.19–2.38)	2.25(2.15–2.35)^*#
P, mmol/L	1.19(1.07–1.30)	1.18(1.05–1.32)	1.22(1.03–1.36)
FBG, mg/dL	96.21(88.74–104.04)	102.24(91.31–122.58)*	110.16(93.06–137.34)^*#
TG, mg/dL	24.66(17.46–35.19)	26.28(18.18–34.33)	26.28(19.26–36.72)
TC, mmol/L	4.29(3.72–4.95)	4.18(3.44–4.94)	4.25(3.60–5.02)
HDL-C, mmol/L	1.18(0.98–1.41)	1.11(0.94–1.29)*	1.07(0.92–1.28)*
LDL-C, mmol/L	2.64(2.11–3.12)	2.62(1.95–3.07)	2.61(2.05–3.26)
Alb, g/L	41.00(38.13–43.40)	39.80(36.90–42.40)*	38.70(36.10–40.95)^*#
Hb, g/L	130.00(119.00–140.75)	130.00(119.00–141.00)	127.00(114.00–140.00)
eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m^2	52.35(44.80–57.25)	50.93(43.36–55.62)	45.90(37.10–53.89)^*#
TyG index	7.10(6.70–7.51)	7.19(6.82–7.60)*	7.33(6.97–7.69)^*#

UA: uric acid; Ca: blood calcium; P: blood phosphorus; FBG: fasting blood glucose; TG: triglyceride; TC: total cholesterol; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; Alb: albumin; Hb: hemoglobin; Fib: fibrinogen; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; TyG index: triglyceride glucose index

Compared with the low score group, *p < 0.05; compared with the medium score group, ^#p < 0.05.

Table 3. One-way logistic regression analysis of CAD.

Variables	β	OR	95% CI	p Value
Age (years)	0.044	1.045	1.028–1.063	<0.001
Male (%)	−0.785	0.456	0.333–0.624	<0.001
Smoking history (%)	0.956	2.601	1.660–4.076	<0.001
Alcohol intake history (%)	0.463	1.590	0.792–3.189	0.192
Hypertension (%)	0.807	2.240	1.604–3.129	<0.001
Diabetes mellitus (%)	1.125	3.081	2.065–4.598	<0.001
Body mass index, kg/m^2	−0.030	0.970	0.933–1.009	0.132
UA, mg/mL	0.002	1.002	1.001–1.004	<0.001
Ca, mmol/L	−0.226	0.798	0.400–1.589	0.521
P, mmol/L	0.497	1.644	0.878–3.077	0.120
FBG, mg/dL	0.022	1.023	1.015–1.030	<0.001
TG, mg/dL	0.003	1.003	0.995–1.011	0.451
TC, mmol/L	−0.024	0.977	0.848–1.124	0.741
HDL-C, mmol/L	−0.748	0.473	0.288–0.777	0.003
LDL-C, mmol/L	0.008	1.008	0.843–1.205	0.930
Alb, g/L	−0.086	0.918	0.884–0.953	<0.001
Hb, g/L	−0.007	0.993	0.985–1.001	0.086
eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m^2	−0.047	0.954	0.937–0.971	<0.001
TyG index	0.471	1.602	1.244–2.064	<0.001

UA: uric acid; Ca: blood calcium; P: blood phosphorus; FBG: fasting blood glucose; TG: triglyceride; TC: total cholesterol; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; Alb: albumin; Hb: hemoglobin; Fib: fibrinogen; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; TyG index: triglyceride glucose index

Table 4. Multivariate logistic regression analysis of CAD.

Variables	β	p	OR	95% CI
Age (years)	0.053	<0.001	1.054	1.033–1.076
Male (%)	0.590	0.004	1.803	1.202–2.705
Smoking history (%)	−0.788	0.004	0.455	0.265–0.779
Hypertension (%)	−0.514	0.006	0.598	0.414–0.866
Diabetes mellitus (%)	−0.725	0.002	0.484	0.308–0.760
UA, mg/mL	0.000	0.586	1.000	0.999–1.002
HDL-C, mmol/L	0.181	0.570	1.199	0.642–2.239
TG, mg/dL	−0.018	0.014	0.983	0.969–0.996
Alb, g/L	−0.053	0.024	0.948	0.905–0.993
eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m^2	−0.021	0.064	0.980	0.959–1.001
TyG index	1.053	<0.001	2.865	1.681–4.885

UA: uric acid; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TG: triglyceride; Alb: albumin; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; TyG index: triglyceride glucose index.

Table 5. One-way logistic regression analysis of severe coronary stenosis.

Variables	β	OR	95% CI	p Value
Age (years)	0.031	1.031	1.017–1.046	<0.001
Male (%)	0.805	2.237	1.759–2.843	<0.001
Smoking history (%)	−0.541	0.582	0.436–0.776	<0.001
Alcohol intake history (%)	0.013	1.013	0.627–1.639	0.956
Hypertension (%)	−0.562	0.570	0.429–0.758	<0.001
Diabetes mellitus (%)	−0.973	0.378	0.290–0.492	<0.001
Body mass index, kg/m^2	−0.040	0.961	0.931–0.991	0.011
UA, mg/mL	0.003	1.003	1.002–1.004	<0.001
Ca, mmol/L	−0.632	0.532	0.293–0.963	0.037
P, mmol/L	0.540	1.716	1.071–2.746	0.025
FBG, mg/dL	0.013	1.013	1.009–1.016	<0.001
TG, mg/dL	0.004	1.004	0.999–1.010	0.139
TC, mmol/L	0.024	1.024	0.918–1.145	0.666
HDL-C, mmol/L	−0.822	0.440	0.292–0.661	<0.001
LDL-C, mmol/L	0.068	1.070	0.931–1.230	0.338
Alb, g/L	−0.095	0.909	0.883–0.936	<0.001
Hb, g/L	−0.007	0.993	0.987–0.999	0.023
eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m^2	−0.045	0.956	0.945–0.968	<0.001
TyG index	0.474	1.606	1.327–1.944	<0.001

UA: uric acid; Ca: blood calcium; P: blood phosphorus; FBG: fasting blood glucose; TG: triglyceride; TC: total cholesterol; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; Alb: albumin; Hb: hemoglobin; Fib: fibrinogen; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; TyG index: triglyceride glucose index

Table 6. Multivariate logistic regression analysis of severe coronary stenosis.

Variables	β	p	OR	95% CI
Age (years)	0.025	0.009	1.025	1.006–1.045
Male (%)	0.816	<0.001	2.262	1.537–3.331
Smoking history (%)	−0.041	0.837	0.960	0.649–1.420
Hypertension (%)	−0.125	0.519	0.883	0.604–1.290
Diabetes mellitus (%)	−0.379	0.036	0.685	0.481–0.975
Body mass index, kg/m^2	−0.060	0.005	0.942	0.903–0.982
UA, mg/mL	0.001	0.081	1.001	1.000–1.003
Ca, mmol/L	−0.094	0.800	0.911	0.441–1.881
P, mmol/L	0.488	0.128	1.630	0.868–3.059
HDL-C, mmol/L	−0.004	0.989	0.996	0.556–1.782
TG, mg/dL	−0.009	0.165	0.991	0.979–1.004
Alb, g/L	−0.061	0.004	0.941	0.904–0.980
Hb, g/L	−0.005	0.272	0.995	0.986–1.004
eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m^2	−0.022	0.014	0.978	0.961–0.995
TyG index	0.842	<0.001	2.320	1.485–3.627

UA: uric acid; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TG: triglyceride; Alb: albumin; Hb: hemoglobin; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; TyG index: triglyceride glucose index