The prevalence of functional dyspepsia using Rome IV questionnaire among chronic kidney disease patients

Figures & data

Table 1. Socio-demographic data among the studied cases.

Variable	Patients with FD (N = 22) N (%)	Patients without FD (N = 128) N (%)	p value
Age (years)
Mean ± SD	48.31 ± 10.52	45.27 ± 9.39	0.44
Sex
Male	15 (68.2%)	58 (45.3%)	0.047*
Female	7 (31.8%)	70 (54.7%)
Residence
Rural	15 (68.2%)	88 (68.8%)	0.96
Urban	7 (31.8%)	40 (31.2%)
Educational level
not educated	4(18.1%)	20(15.6%)	0.22
Low	8(36.3%)	41(32%)
High	10(45.4%)	67(52.3%)
BMI
Mean ± SD	27.19 ± 4.79	26.47 ± 5.51	0.36
Smoking status
Non smoker	16 (72.7%)	90 (70.3%)	0.82
Smoker	6 (27.3%)	38 (29.7%)
DM
Negative	14 (63.6%)	65 (50.8%)	0.27
Positive	8 (36.4%)	53 (49.2%)
HTN
Negative	11 (50%)	54 (42.2%)	0.49
Positive	11 (50%)	74 (57.8%)
HCV
Negative	9 (40.9%)	98 (76.6%)	0.001*
Positive	13 (59.1%)	30 (23.4%)

Table 2. Laboratory investigations and sonographic findings among the studied cases.

Variable	Patients with FD (N = 22) Mean ± SD	Patients without FD (N = 128) Mean ± SD	p value
Hb	10.10 ± 2.75	10.29 ± 4.94	0.97
TLC	7.75 ± 3.81	6.95 ± 3.32	0.21
PLT	178.68 ± 81.04	213.17 ± 88.34	0.13
Urea	132.31 ± 40.32	135.14 ± 25.21	0.26
Creatinine	5.37 ± 2.05	5.56 ± 0.95	0.41
Kideny size
Small	8 (36.4%)	67 (52.3%)	0.31
Malrotated	1 (4.5%)	7 (5.5%)
Average	13 (59.1%)	54 (42.2%)
Echogenicity
Normal	1 (4.5%)	2 (1.6%)
Grade 1–2	8 (36.4%)	39 (30.5%)	0.55
Grade 3–4	6 (27.3%)	44 (34.4%)
Altered	7 (31.8%)	43 (33.6%)
Other findings
No backpressure	10 (45.5%)	53 (41.4%)	0.98
Minimal backpressure	7 (31.8%)	36 (28.1%)
Gravels	2 (9.1%)	11 (8.6%)
Stones	2 (9.1%)	18 (14.1%)
Cyst	1 (4.5%)	10 (7.8%)

Table 3. Relation of CKD stages, e GFR, dialysis and vascular access with functional dyspepsia for characteristics of illness among the studied cases.

Variable	Patients with FD (N = 22) N (%)	Patients without FD (N = 128) N (%)	p value
CKD
Grade 3b	4 (18.2%)	2 (1.6%)	0.001*
Grade 4	1 (4.5%)	3 (2.3%)
Grade 5	17 (77.3%)	123 (96.1%)
Estimated GFR
Mean ± SD	14.67 ± 10.72	10.79 ± 4.34	0.18
Dialysis
No	8 (36.4%)	12 (9.4%)	0.001*
Yes	14 (63.6%)	116 (90.6%)
Vascular access
No	8 (36.4%)	12 (9.4%)	0.001*
AV shunt	14 (63.6%)	116 (90.6%)

Figure 1. Flow chart study population.

Figure 2. Frequency of Functional dyspepsia among the studied patients (N = 150).

Figure 3. Prevalence of functional dyspepsia subtypes (N = 22).

Table 4. Univariate analysis for factors associated with functional dyspepsia among CKD patients.

Independent factors	Crude OR (95% CI)	p value
Age (years)	1.03 (0.99–1.1)	0.17
Sex
Male	1 (Ref)	0.05
Female	2.59 (9.9–6.7)
Residence
Rural	1 (Ref)	0.96
Urban	0.97 (0.37–2.57)
Educational level
Not educated	1 (Ref)	0.98
Low	1.01 (0.38–2.67)
High	1.03(0.65–2.51)
BMI	1.02 (0.94 − 1.12)	0.57
Smoking status
Non smoker	1 (Ref)	0.82
Smoker	1.13 (0.41–3.09)
DM
-ve	1 (Ref)
+ve	1.69 (0.66–4.3)	0.27
HTN
-ve	1 (Ref)	0.49
+ve	1.37 (0.55 − 3.39)
HCV
-ve	1 (Ref)	0.001*
+ve	0.21 (0.08–0.54)
Stages CKD
G3b	1 (Ref)	0.01*
G4	14.47 (2.46 − 85.08)
G5	2.41 (0.24–24.52)
E GFR	1.08 (1.02–1.15)	0.01*

Data availability and materials

The article contains all the data produced or analyzed during this research