Effect of the addition of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. delbrueckii on the gut microbiota composition and contribution to the well-being of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax, L.)

Figures & data

Table I.  Total bacterial counts of anaerobes, aerobes, Enterobacteriaceae and Lactobacillus spp. at 11, 22, 30, 50 and 70 days post hatching (p.h.) in larvae of European sea bass gut.

Days p.h.	11			22			30
Group	A	B	C	A	B	C	A	B	C
Total anaerobes	5.75±0.30*	5.74±0.82	5.73±0.87	9.01±0.87	8.82±0.22	8.80±0.21	5.85±0.39^d	7.89±0.55^c	7.86±0.51^c
Total aerobes	5.25±0.09	5.27±0.42	5.29±0.41	8.88±0.14	8.38±0.38	8.34±0.36	5.54±0.49	6.59±0.56	6.54±0.50
Enterobacteriaceae	4.66±0.11	4.68±0.48	4.66±0.40	7.97±0.19^b	7.38±0.24^ab	7.35±0.20^a	4.61±0.49	5.32±0.83	5.30±0.80
Lactobacillus spp.	3.27±0.08	3.27±0.16	3.27±0.14	3.33±0.01	3.30±0.22	3.32±0.24	3.73±0.42	3.67±0.13	3.62±0.10
Days p.h.	50			70
Group	A	B	C	A	B	C
Total anaerobes	5.13±0.87^f	9.56±0.87^e	8.93±0.34^e	7.04±0.09^h	7.71±0.22^g	7.74±0.14^g
Total aerobes	6.04±0.39^f	8.32±0.39^e	7.87±0.24^e	6.62±0.63^h	7.89±0.33^g	7.85±0.49
Enterobacteriaceae	4.04±0.24^f	6.06±1.30^ef	5.67±0.38^e	5.18±0.56^h	5.35±0.30^h	6.45±0.49^g
Lactobacillus spp.	4.99±0.22^f	6.38±0.49^e	6.26±0.48^e	4.53±0.08^h	5.68±0.19^i	4.48±0.56^g

Group A, early treatment; group B, later treatment; group C, control. Different superscripts indicate that values are significantly different (p < 0.05, ANOVA) when compared at 22, 30, 50, 70 days p.h.

*Values are expressed as log CFU g⁻¹.

Figure 1.  Survival of European sea bass fry at 70 days post hatching (p.h.): group A (early treatment), group B (later treatment), group C (control). Different superscripts indicate significant difference between groups (p < 0.05, ANOVA).

Figure 2.  Whole-body cortisol levels in larvae and juveniles, measured at different growth phases, 30, 50 and 70 days post hatching (p.h.); group C (control, black bars), group A (early treatment, grey bars), group B (later treatment, white bars). Bars with different superscripts are significantly different (p < 0.05, ANOVA) when compared at 30, 50, 70 days p.h. ND, not determined.