Survival and Prognosis for Patients with Rectal Melanomas in the United States: A SEER-Based Study

Figures & data

Figure 1. Flow chart depicting the patient selection process.

Table 1. Characteristics of patients with rectal melanoma diagnosed from 2000 to 2019 obtained from the SEER database.

Variables	Subgroup	Number of patients (%)
Age	<60	53 (28.3%)
	> =60	134 (71.7%)
Sex	Male	80 (42.8%)
	Female	107 (57.2%)
Race	White	151 (80.7%)
	Black	17 (9.1%)
	Other	19 (10.2%)
Tumor size	<30	33 (17.6%)
	30-60	63 (33.7%)
	>60	91 (48.7%)
Stage	Distant	79 (42.3%)
	Localized	56 (29.9%)
	Regional	30 (16.0%)
	Unknown	22 (11.8%)
Regional nodes	<10	153 (81.8%)
	10-30	21 (11.2%)
	>30	13 (7.0%)
Positive regional nodes	<20	39 (20.9%)
	>20	148 (79.1%)
Regional nodes dissection	Yes	37 (19.8%)
	No/ Unknown	150 (80.2%)
Surgery	Yes	113 (60.4%)
	No	74 (39.6%)
Radiation	Yes	56 (29.9%)
	No/ Unknown	131 (70.1%)
Chemotherapy	Yes	53 (28.3%)
	No/ Unknown	134 (71.7%)

Figure 2. Kaplan-Meier (KM) survival curves comparing the overall survival (OS) of patients with rectal melanomas (RM). (A) patients’ age; (B) tumor stage; (C) regional nodes examined; (D) surgery.

Figure 3. Kaplan-Meier (KM) survival curves comparing the cancer-specific survival (CSS) of patients with rectal melanomas (RM). (A) patients’ age; (B) tumor stage; (C) regional nodes examined; (D) surgery.

Figure 4. Forest plot for multivariable Cox regression analysis of the cancer-specific survival (CSS) in patients with rectal melanomas (training group).

Figure 5. A prognostic nomogram predicting the cancer-specific survival (CSS) of patients with rectal melanomas for the 12, 24, and 36 months (training group).

Table 2. Baseline clinical characteristics of patients diagnosed with rectal melanoma in training and validation groups.

	Training (n = 118)	Validation (n = 52)	Overall (n = 170)	P
Age				0.446
<60	38 (32.2%)	13 (25.0%)	51 (30.0%)
> =60	80 (67.8%)	39 (75.0%)	119 (70.0%)
Sex				0.873
Female	69 (58.5%)	29 (55.8%)	98 (57.6%)
Male	49 (41.5%)	23 (44.2%)	72 (42.4%)
Race				0.660
Black	12 (10.2%)	4 (7.7%)	16 (9.4%)
White	95 (80.5%)	41 (78.8%)	136 (80.0%)
Other	11 (9.3%)	7 (13.5%)	18 (10.6%)
Tumor size				0.827
<30	22 (18.6%)	8 (15.4%)	30 (17.6%)
30-60	40 (33.9%)	17 (32.7%)	57 (33.5%)
>60	56 (47.5%)	27 (51.9%)	83 (48.8%)
Tumor stage				0.917
Distant	49 (41.5%)	21 (40.4%)	70 (41.2%)
Localized	33 (28.0%)	17 (32.7%)	50 (29.4%)
Regional	22 (18.6%)	8 (15.4%)	30 (17.6%)
Unknown	14 (11.9%)	6 (11.5%)	20 (11.8%)
Positive regional nodes				0.961
<20	27 (22.9%)	11 (21.2%)	38 (22.4%)
>20	91 (77.1%)	41 (78.8%)	132 (77.6%)
Regional nodes examined				0.657
<10	94 (79.7%)	42 (80.8%)	136 (80.0%)
>30	8 (6.8%)	5 (9.6%)	13 (7.6%)
10-30	16 (13.6%)	5 (9.6%)	21 (12.4%)
Lymph nodes dissection				0.306
Yes	28 (23.7%)	8 (15.4%)	36 (21.2%)
No/Unknown	90 (76.3%)	44 (84.6%)	134 (78.8%)
Chemotherapy				0.361
Yes	37 (31.4%)	12 (23.1%)	49 (28.8%)
No/Unknown	81 (68.6%)	40 (76.9%)	121 (71.2%)
Radiation				0.744
Yes	34 (28.8%)	17 (32.7%)	51 (30.0%)
No/Unknown	84 (71.2%)	35 (67.3%)	119 (70.0%)
Surgery				0.564
No	45 (38.1%)	23 (44.2%)	68 (40.0%)
Yes	73 (61.9%)	29 (55.8%)	102 (60.0%)

Figure 6. Time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves of cancer-specific survival (CSS) for the 12, 24, and 36 months in the training (A) and validation (B) groups in patients with rectal melanomas.

Figure 7. Calibration plots of 12-, 24-, and 36-month cancer-specific survival (CSS) for patients with rectal melanomas in the training (A-C) and validation (D-F) groups.

Availability of data and materials

Publicly available datasets were analyzed in this study. This data can be found here: Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database (https://seer.cancer.gov/).